ArticleNutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition2020
Optimizing Delivery of Breast Milk for Premature Infants: Comparison of Current Enteral Feeding Systems.
Article in Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D: What We Know and What We Still Do Not Know About Vitamin D in Preterm Infants-A Literature Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A simple step to improve fat and energy delivery of human milk delivered via bottle-feeding pump: An experimental study.JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition · 2024Article
- Synthesis of research on ENFit gastrostomy tubes with potential implications for US patients using these devices.Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIncomplete delivery of fat from expressed breast milk (EBM) during enteral feeding to premature neonates remains a significant problem. Feeding system manufacturers have introduced changes to the enteral syringe design to improve fat delivery that have not yet been evaluated in the literature.
methodsThis study compares percentage delivery of fat from EBM using 2 major enteral feeding systems in various configurations with silicone and polyurethane tubing material and ENFit and Legacy connection systems at 3 clinically relevant infusion rates.
resultsThe percent of fat delivery from EBM was significantly higher for the eccentric syringe system than the concentric system (P = 0.036) but did not vary significantly across infusion rates (P = 0.081). Silicone tubing had a significantly higher percent of fat delivery than polyurethane tubing within the eccentric syringe system (P = 0.039) but did not vary significantly across infusion rates (P = 0.105). There was no significant difference between ENFit and Legacy connectors using eccentric syringes with silicone tubing (P = 0.360).
conclusionWe demonstrate that changes to syringe design and tubing material are effective and improve fat delivery from EBM, which may result in improved growth and outcomes in premature infants. The eccentric syringe marginally improves fat delivery in comparison with the concentric syringe, and silicone tubing significantly improves fat delivery compared with polyurethane tubing.
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Registered trials
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