ArticlePsychopharmacology2020
Effects of voluntary exercise and sex on multiply-triggered heroin reinstatement in male and female rats.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex Differences in Opioid and Psychostimulant Craving and Relapse: A Critical Review.Pharmacological reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Exercise as a Neurobiological Intervention: Utilizing NAc Circuitry to Combat Addiction.Addiction neuroscience · 2026Article
- A Wireless Wearable Platform for Intravenous Drug Self-Administration in Freely Behaving Rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Marked sex differences are observed in heroin acquisition and affective states in rats but converge to similar levels of footshock stress-induced reinstatement.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Sex-specific transcriptional signatures of oxycodone persist during withdrawal and abstinence in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of heterogeneous stock rats.Addiction neuroscience · 2025Article
- Oxycodone self-administration and drug-primed responding in male and female squirrel monkeys: Effects of alternative reinforcer availability.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Article
- Prefrontal cortex excitatory neurons show distinct response to heroin-associated cue and social stimulus after prolonged heroin abstinence in mice.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Disruption of positive- and negative-feature morphine interoceptive occasion setters by dopamine receptor agonism and antagonism in male and female rats.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Multiple Sex- and Circuit-Specific Mechanisms Underlie Exercise-Induced Stress Resistance.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2024Review
- Potential Link Between Exercise and N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Glutamate Receptors in Alcohol Use Disorder: Implications for Therapeutic Strategies.Psychology research and behavior management · 2024Review
- Magnitude and predictors of elasticity of demand for morphine are similar in male and female rats.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2024Article
- Opioid withdrawal: role in addiction and neural mechanisms.Psychopharmacology · 2023Review
- Effects of sex and estrous cycle on intravenous oxycodone self-administration and the reinstatement of oxycodone-seeking behavior in rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Sleep restriction during opioid abstinence affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in male and female rats.Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- Effects of sex and estrous cycle on intravenous oxycodone self-administration and the reinstatement of oxycodone-seeking behavior in rats.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
- Reducing short- and long-term cocaine craving with voluntary exercise in male rats.Psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Novelty-induced locomotor behavior predicts heroin addiction vulnerability in male, but not female, rats.Psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Aerobic exercise as a promising nonpharmacological therapy for the treatment of substance use disorders.Journal of neuroscience research · 2022Review
- Investigating individual differences in opioid-taking and opioid-seeking behavior in male rats.Psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Hippocampal neurogenesis mediates sex-specific effects of social isolation and exercise on fear extinction in adolescence.Neurobiology of stress · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe rise in heroin addiction has heightened the need for novel and effective treatments. Physical exercise has been shown as an effective treatment for stimulant abuse in clinical and pre-clinical research. However, this treatment has not yet been tested on opioid addiction. This study examined the effects of physical activity (wheel running) on heroin-seeking in rats within a reinstatement paradigm (i.e., heroin relapse model).
methodsFemale and male rats were trained to self-administer intravenous heroin (0.015 mg/kg). Once trained, rats were placed into extinction (i.e., heroin abstinence) for 21 days with continuous access to a locked or unlocked running wheel. After extinction, rats were tested for drug- (heroin, caffeine, and yohimbine) and cue-primed reinstatement of heroin-seeking.
resultsFemales completed more wheel revolutions than males across all study phases. Access to an unlocked running wheel reduced extinction and reinstatement of heroin-seeking, with greater reductions in females than males across several reinstatement conditions. In the locked wheel group, female rats showed greater reinstatement of heroin-seeking than males across several priming conditions.
conclusionsWheel running reduced heroin-seeking in male and female rats, with females showing a more robust effect during reinstatement. The locked wheel group allowed an examination of sex differences in heroin reinstatement, which revealed that females showed greater vulnerability to heroin reinstatement than males, but with no other sex differences observed in maintenance or extinction. Overall, the results indicate that voluntary physical exercise may be an effective treatment for heroin dependence in humans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.