Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31712908›Full record

SynthesisCurrent diabetes reports2019

Risk of Type 1 Diabetes in the Offspring Born through Elective or Non-elective Caesarean Section in Comparison to Vaginal Delivery: a Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

Justine Tanoey, Amit Gulati, Chris Patterson, Heiko Becher

Open access · greenAbstract readComparative StudyMeta-AnalysisReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Current diabetes reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
2.2field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.

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  8. [Classification of caesarean sections by 10 Robson groups in a second level hospital].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2023
    Observational
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Justine TanoeyInstitute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany. j.tanoey@uke.de.
Amit GulatiInstitute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
Chris PattersonCentre for Public Health, University of Belfast, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, BT12 6BJ, UK.
Heiko BecherInstitute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf · DEQueen's University Belfast · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCaesarean section (CS) has been associated with an increased risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D). The lack of exposure to maternal vaginal and anal microbiome and bypassing the labor process often observed in elective CS may affect neonatal immune system development. This study aims to summarize the effects of elective and non-elective CS on T1D risk in the offspring.

methodsA systematic literature search was conducted online for publications providing data on elective and non-elective CS with T1D diagnosis in children and young adults, followed by a meta-analysis from selected studies. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and GRADEpro tool were applied for quality analysis.

resultsNine observational studies comprising over 5 million individuals fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Crude OR estimates showed a 12% increased T1D risk from elective CS compared to vaginal delivery with significant heterogeneity. Adjusted ORs from seven studies did not show T1D risk differences from either CS category, and heterogeneity was detected between studies. Separate analysis of cohort and case-control studies reduced the heterogeneity and revealed a slight increase in T1D risk associated with elective CS in cohort studies (adjusted OR = 1.12 (1.01-1.24)), and a higher increased risk associated with non-elective CS in case-control studies (adjusted OR = 1.19 (1.06-1.34)).

conclusionSummarized crude risk estimates showed a small increased T1D risk in children and young adults born through elective CS compared to vaginal delivery, but with significant heterogeneity. Adjusted risk estimates by study design indicated a slightly increased T1D risks associated with elective or non-elective CS.

Indexed as

Anal CanalAutoimmune DiseasesCesarean SectionDelivery, ObstetricDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Elective Surgical ProceduresFemaleHumansMicrobiotaObservational Studies as TopicPregnancyRiskVaginaAutoimmune diseaseCaesarean sectionElective caesarean sectionMeta-analysisType 1 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID31712908
OpenAlexW2987761945

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.