Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31712719›Full record

ArticleMolecular psychiatry2021

Increased schizophrenia family history burden and reduced premorbid IQ in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a Swedish National Register and Genomic Study.

Kaarina Kowalec, Yi Lu, Amir Sariaslan, Jie Song, Alexander Ploner, Christina Dalman, Christina M Hultman, Henrik Larsson, Paul Lichtenstein, Patrick F Sullivan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Genetic overlap between treatment-resistant schizophrenia and smoking initiation.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Kaarina KowalecDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3928-9879
Yi LuDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Amir SariaslanDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Jie SongDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Alexander PlonerDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5042-8326
Christina DalmanDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Christina M HultmanDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Henrik LarssonDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Paul LichtensteinDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3037-5287
Patrick F SullivanDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. patrick.sullivan@ki.se.

Funding

A Large-Scale Schizophrenia Association Study in SwedenR01MH077139 · NIMH · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI SULLIVAN, PATRICK F · 2007 to 2018
$9.9M
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH077139Versus Arthritis 15194
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A high proportion of those with schizophrenia experience treatment non-response, placing them at higher risk for mortality and suicide attempts, compared to treatment responders. The clinical, social, and economic burden of treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) are substantial. Previous genomic and epidemiological studies of TRS were often limited by sample size or lack of comprehensive genomic data. We aimed to systematically understand the clinical, demographic, and genomic correlates of TRS using epidemiological and genetic epidemiological modelling in a Swedish national population sample (n = 24,706) and then in a subgroup with common variant genetic risk scores, rare copy-number variant burden, and rare exonic burden (n = 4936). Population-based analyses identified increasing schizophrenia family history to be significantly associated with TRS (highest quartile of familial burden vs. lowest: adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.31, P = 4.8 × 10

Indexed as

SchizophreniaDNA Copy Number VariationsGenomicsHumansMaleSchizophrenia, Treatment-ResistantSweden

Identifiers

PMID31712719
PMCPMC9731609

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.