ReviewTranslational psychiatry2019
The complex genetics and biology of human temperament: a review of traditional concepts in relation to new molecular findings.
Review in Translational psychiatry, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 133 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dry Eye Disease and personality: a systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Phenotypic and genetic analysis of a wellbeing factor score in the UK Biobank and the impact of childhood maltreatment and psychiatric illness.Translational psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Comprehensive meta-analysis of associations between temperament and character traits in Cloninger's psychobiological theory and mental disorders.The Journal of international medical research · 2022Pooled it
- Research Involvement, Career Determinants, Study Experiences, and Personality Traits of Health-Care Students and Workers: The Research In-Depth Study Protocol.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Association between the gut microbiome and plasma metabolites linked to vocalization-based temperament in Merino sheep.Microbiome · 2026Article
- The relationship between personality dimensions and addiction type in women addicted to alcohol and opioids.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A Moderated Mediation Model to Predict Adolescent Resistance to Peer Influence: Evidence From an Adoption Study.Journal of adolescence · 2025Article
- The association between temperament and polygenic score for psychopathology from infancy to middle childhood.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025Article
- First evidence of an anxiety-like behavior and its pharmacological modulation in a molluscan model organism, Lymnaea stagnalis.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Article
- Perceptions of Monica Geller inBehavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Affective temperaments, self-schemas, and their interplay with emotional distress.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- The Role of Temperament Traits in Bipolar Disorder: Neuroimaging Study.Depression and anxiety · 2025Article
- The Big, the Dark, and the Biopsychosocial Shades of Harmony: Personality Traits and Harmony in Life.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Gene expression networks regulated by human personality.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Review
- A preliminary investigation of epigenome-wide DNA methylation and temperament during infancy.Developmental psychobiology · 2024Article
- Difficult Toddler Temperament - Prevalence and Associated Factors at 18-Month Follow-Up of a Birth Cohort.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2024Article
- Validation of the hyperbolic temperament questionnaire in Iran.BMC psychology · 2023Article
- Comparison of typical Thai and Hungarian personality profiles using the Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality Questionnaire.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Construct and criterion validity of the HiTOP spectra to predict dimensional and categorical somatization in a large non-western sample.Scientific reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have shown that temperament is strongly influenced by more than 700 genes that modulate associative conditioning by molecular processes for synaptic plasticity and long-term learning and memory. The results were replicated in three independent samples despite variable cultures and environments. The identified genes were enriched in pathways activated by behavioral conditioning in animals, including the two major molecular pathways for response to extracellular stimuli, the Ras-MEK-ERK and the PI3K-AKT-mTOR cascades. These pathways are activated by a wide variety of physiological and psychosocial stimuli that vary in positive and negative valence and in consequences for health and survival. Changes in these pathways are orchestrated to maintain cellular homeostasis despite changing conditions by modulating temperament and its circadian and seasonal rhythms. In this review we first consider traditional concepts of temperament in relation to the new genetic findings by examining the partial overlap of alternative measures of temperament. Then we propose a definition of temperament as the disposition of a person to learn how to behave, react emotionally, and form attachments automatically by associative conditioning. This definition provides necessary and sufficient criteria to distinguish temperament from other aspects of personality that become integrated with it across the life span. We describe the effects of specific stimuli on the molecular processes underlying temperament from functional, developmental, and evolutionary perspectives. Our new knowledge can improve communication among investigators, increase the power and efficacy of clinical trials, and improve the effectiveness of treatment of personality and its disorders.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.