ReviewVirulence2019
Antivirulence and avirulence genes in human pathogenic fungi.
Review in Virulence, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Targeted Suppression of the Tomato PathogenJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Genomic and metagenomic survey of microbial carbonic anhydrase genes reveals novel clades, high diversity, and biome specificity.ISME communications · 2026Article
- Commensalism and pathogenesis of Candida albicans at the mucosal interface.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Image-based quantification of Candida albicans filamentation and hyphal length using the open-source visual programming language JIPipe.FEMS yeast research · 2025Article
- Microbial adaptive pathogenicity strategies to the host inflammatory environment.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Review
- Article
- DectiSomes: C-type lectin receptor-targeted liposomes as pan-antifungal drugs.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2023Review
- Differentiated extracts from freshwater and terrestrial mollusks inhibit virulence factor production in Cryptococcus neoformans.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- "Under Pressure" - How fungi evade, exploit, and modulate cells of the innate immune system.Seminars in immunology · 2023Review
- Transcriptomics-based investigation of molecular mechanisms underlying synergistic antimicrobial effects of AgNPs and Domiphen on the human fungal pathogenFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Genome analysis ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Heterologous expression and biochemical characterisation of the recombinant β-carbonic anhydrase (MpaCA) from the warm-blooded vertebrate pathogenJournal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2022Article
- Lactobacillus rhamnosus colonisation antagonizes Candida albicans by forcing metabolic adaptations that compromise pathogenicity.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Heme Oxygenase-1 (Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- A Highlight on the Inhibition of Fungal Carbonic Anhydrases as Drug Targets for the Antifungal Armamentarium.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Review
- Fungal infection strategies.Virulence · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Opportunistic commensal and environmental fungi can cause superficial to systemic diseases in humans. But how did these pathogens adapt to infect us and how does host-pathogen co-evolution shape their virulence potential? During evolution toward pathogenicity, not only do microorganisms gain virulence genes, but they also tend to lose non-adaptive genes in the host niche. Additionally, virulence factors can become detrimental during infection when they trigger host recognition. The loss of non-adaptive genes as well as the loss of the virulence potential of genes by adaptations to the host has been investigated in pathogenic bacteria and phytopathogenic fungi, where they are known as antivirulence and avirulence genes, respectively. However, these concepts are nearly unknown in the field of pathogenic fungi of humans. We think that this unnecessarily limits our view of human-fungal interplay, and that much could be learned if we applied a similar framework to aspects of these interactions. In this review, we, therefore, define and adapt the concepts of antivirulence and avirulence genes for human pathogenic fungi. We provide examples for analogies to antivirulence genes of bacterial pathogens and to avirulence genes of phytopathogenic fungi. Introducing these terms to the field of pathogenic fungi of humans can help to better comprehend the emergence and evolution of fungal virulence and disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.