ArticleNeuro-oncology2020
Extensive brainstem infiltration, not mass effect, is a common feature of end-stage cerebral glioblastomas.
Article in Neuro-oncology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 65 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spatial patterns of progression in reported glioblastoma cohorts after upfront chemoradiation and salvage therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Predicting glioblastoma progression using MR diffusion tensor imaging: A systematic review.Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of NeuroimagingPooled it
- Phase I Evaluation of Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Treated with Radiation, Nivolumab, and IDO1 Enzyme Inhibitor BMS-986205.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Article
- Druggable genome CRISPRi screen in hydrogels reveals regulators of cortactin-driven actin remodeling promoting glioblastoma invasion.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Murine modeling of IDH-mutant 1p/19q-codeleted oligodendroglioma reveals genotype specific phenotypes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A blueprint for local and distal invasion programs in glioblastoma.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Biomechanical mapping of tumor growth: A novel method to quantify glioma infiltration and mass effect.Medical physics · 2026Article
- Aligning brain tumor imaging: generating synthetic 3D FA maps from T1-weighted MRI using CycleGAN models.BJR artificial intelligence · 2026Article
- Uncommon territory: The clinical and molecular profile of metastatic gliomas.Neuro-oncology · 2026Article
- Optimal qMSP cutoff value for MGMT promoter methylation in glioblastoma and its validation for clinical significance.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Extracellular vesicles released by glioblastoma cancer cells drive tumor invasiveness via Connexin-43 gap junctions.Neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Weak and Tunable Adhesion-Clutch Drives Rapid Cell Migration and Glioblastoma Invasion.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Point/counterpoint: The role of re-resection in recurrent glioblastoma.Neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Three-photon microscopy: an emerging technique for deep intravital brain imaging.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2025Review
- Microtubule-Targeting Agents: Advances in Tubulin Binding and Small Molecule Therapy for Gliomas and Neurodegenerative Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Combined peritumoral radiomics and clinical features predict 12-month progression free survival in glioblastoma.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- The invasion phenotypes of glioblastoma depend on plastic and reprogrammable cell states.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Innovative Therapeutic Strategies Targeting the Network Architecture of Glioblastoma.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Review
- Distant parenchymal recurrence during long-term use of TTFields treatment for glioblastoma.International journal of clinical oncology · 2025Article
- Long-term survival, patterns of progression, and patterns of use for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma treated with or without Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) in a real-world setting.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
16 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundProgress in extending the survival of glioblastoma (GBM) patients has been slow. A better understanding of why patient survival remains poor is critical to developing new strategies. Postmortem studies on GBM can shed light on why patients are dying.
methodsThe brains of 33 GBM patients were autopsied and examined for gross and microscopic abnormalities. Clinical-pathologic correlations were accomplished through detailed chart reviews. Data were compared with older published autopsy GBM studies that predated newer treatment strategies, such as more extensive surgical resection and adjuvant temozolomide.
resultsIn older GBM autopsy series, mass effect was observed in 72% of brains, with herniation in 50% of all cases. Infiltration of tumor into the brainstem was noted in only 21% of those older cases. In the current series, only 10 of 33 (30%) GBMs showed mass effect (P = 0.0003), and only 1 (3%) showed herniation (P < 0.0001). However, extensive GBM infiltration of the brainstem was present in 22 cases (67%, P < 0.0001), with accompanying destruction of the pons and white matter tracts. There was a direct correlation between longer median patient survival and the presence of brainstem infiltration (16.1 mo in brainstem-invaded cases vs 9.0 mo in cases lacking extensive brainstem involvement; P = 0.0003).
conclusionsWith improving care, severe mass effect appears to be less common in GBM patients today, whereas dissemination, including life-threatening brainstem invasion, is now more pronounced. This has major implications regarding preclinical GBM models, as well as the design of clinical trials aimed at further improving patient survival.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.