ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2019
Microsatellite analysis reveals connectivity among geographically distant transmission zones of Plasmodium vivax in the Peruvian Amazon: A critical barrier to regional malaria elimination.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Malaria Risk among Internally Mobile Individuals and Heterogeneous Mobility Patterns in Two Hypoendemic Communities: Implications for Malaria Elimination in the Peruvian Amazon.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- UnderstandingiScience · 2026Article
- Submicroscopic infections and two malaria vectors are major contributors to residual malaria in an Amazonian village in Peru.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- High Prevalence, Genetic Diversity and Temporal Differentiation of Plasmodium vivax in a Remote Hard-to-Reach Community from the Peruvian Amazon Region.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- UnderstandingmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Detecting imported malaria infections in endemic settings using molecular surveillance: current state and challenges.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2025Review
- High-throughput genotyping of Plasmodium vivax in the Peruvian Amazon via molecular inversion probes.Nature communications · 2024Article
- The role of connectivity on malaria dynamics across areas with contrasting control coverage in the Peruvian Amazon.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Genomic surveillance of malaria parasites in an indigenous community in the Peruvian Amazon.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Plasmodium vivax genomic surveillance in the Peruvian Amazon with Pv AmpliSeq assay.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Effect of spatiotemporal variables on abundance, biting activity and parity of Nyssorhynchus darlingi (Diptera: Culicidae) in peri-Iquitos, Peru.Malaria journal · 2024Article
- Genomic surveillance of malaria parasites in an indigenous community in the Peruvian Amazon.Research square · 2024Article
- Comparing newly developed SNP barcode panels with microsatellites to explore population genetics of malaria parasites in the Peruvian Amazon.Frontiers in genetics · 2024Article
- The impact of sustained malaria control in the Loreto region of Peru: a retrospective, observational, spatially-varying interrupted time series analysis of the PAMAFRO program.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2023Article
- Drug resistance and population structure of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in the Peruvian Amazon.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Quantifying the effect of human population mobility on malaria risk in the Peruvian Amazon.Royal Society open science · 2022Article
- Population-level genome-wide STR discovery and validation for population structure and genetic diversity assessment of Plasmodium species.PLoS genetics · 2022Article
- Temporal and Microspatial Heterogeneity in Transmission Dynamics of Coendemic Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum in Two Rural Cohort Populations in the Peruvian Amazon.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- The changing epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax: Insights from conventional and novel surveillance tools.PLoS medicine · 2021Review
- PvMSP8 as a NovelPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Despite efforts made over decades by the Peruvian government to eliminate malaria, Plasmodium vivax remains a challenge for public health decision-makers in the country. The uneven distribution of its incidence, plus its complex pattern of dispersion, has made ineffective control measures based on global information that lack the necessary detail to understand transmission fully. In this sense, population genetic tools can complement current surveillance. This study describes the genetic diversity and population structure from September 2012 to March 2015 in three geographically distant settlements, Cahuide (CAH), Lupuna (LUP) and Santa Emilia (STE), located in the Peruvian Amazon. A total 777 P. vivax mono-infections, out of 3264, were genotyped. Among study areas, LUP showed 19.7% of polyclonal infections, and its genetic diversity (Hexp) was 0.544. Temporal analysis showed a significant increment of polyclonal infections and Hexp, and the introduction and persistence of a new parasite population since March 2013. In STE, 40.1% of infections were polyclonal, with Hexp = 0.596. The presence of four genetic clusters without signals of clonal expansion and infections with lower parasite densities compared against the other two areas were also found. At least four parasite populations were present in CAH in 2012, where, after June 2014, malaria cases decreased from 213 to 61, concomitant with a decrease in polyclonal infections (from 0.286 to 0.18), and expectedly variable Hexp. Strong signals of gene flow were present in the study areas and wide geographic distribution of highly diverse parasite populations were found. This study suggests that movement of malaria parasites by human reservoirs connects geographically distant malaria transmission areas in the Peruvian Amazon. The maintenance of high levels of parasite genetic diversity through human mobility is a critical barrier to malaria elimination in this region.
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