Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31707499›Full record

ReviewCurrent pain and headache reports2019

Treatment of Discogenic Low Back Pain: Current Treatment Strategies and Future Options-a Literature Review.

Lei Zhao, Laxmaiah Manchikanti, Alan David Kaye, Alaa Abd-Elsayed

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Current pain and headache reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06989632 (Total Lumbar Disc Prosthesis and Subsequent Work Activity 5 Years After Total Lumbar Disc Replacement), which is not on this map. Cited by 76 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
76citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
9.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06989632 completednot on this map

Total Lumbar Disc Prosthesis and Subsequent Work Activity 5 Years After Total Lumbar Disc Replacement

TypeobservationalSponsorUniversity of ValenciaRan2008 to 2025Enrolled130ConditionsLumbar Disc Degeneration, Lumbar Disc Disease, Sciatica, Lumbar Disc HerniationArmsTotal lumbar disc prosthesis (Baguera®L, Spineart, Switzerland)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

76 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 135 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Persistent ZnAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
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  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
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  14. Review
  15. Mechanism of glycolysis-pyrolysis crosstalk driving vicious circle of intervertebral disc degeneration.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2025
    Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. 14. Discogenic Low Back Pain.Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain · 2025
    Review
  19. Review
  20. Article

16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Lei ZhaoDepartment of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China.
Laxmaiah ManchikantiPain Management Centers of America, Paducah, KY, USA.
Alan David KayeDepartments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA. akaye@lsuhsc.edu.
Alaa Abd-ElsayedDepartment of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WA, USA.
Louisiana State University in Shreveport · USPain Management Centers Of America · USShandong Provincial Hospital · CNUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewMany studies have demonstrated that discogenic low back pain is the most common type of chronic low back pain (CLBP), one of the major causes of disability, and has a major socioeconomic impact. Our aim is to review present therapeutic interventions for discogenic low back pain. RECENT

findingsThere are a multitude of treatments used in clinical practice to treat CLBP, but there is continued debate and lack of consensus among clinicians and the policy makers as to which modality is the best approach. Based on controlled evaluations, lumbar intervertebral discs have been shown to be the source of chronic back pain without disc herniation in 26 to 39% of patients. Treatment modalities include noninvasive treatments such as drug therapy, multiple physical modalities, and multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation; interventional modalities such as intradiscal therapies and epidural injections; and regenerative modalities with disc injections of various solutions; and, finally, surgical approaches such as fusion and artificial disc replacement, all of which are accompanied by significant discussion, limited evidence, and lack of consensus. The results of this evaluation show that the evidence for drug therapy in chronic discogenic low back pain is limited; for multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation, it is moderate; and for multiple physical and behavioral therapies, the evidence is limited. For intradiscal therapies, it is poor; for epidural injections, it is moderate; and for regenerative therapies, evidence levels of 3 to 4. The evidence for surgical fusions and disc replacement is similar, without superiority when compared with multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation, well-designed physical therapy, or epidural injections.

Indexed as

HumansIntervertebral Disc DegenerationIntervertebral Disc DisplacementLow Back PainDegenerationDiagnosisDiscogenic low back painIntervertebral discTreatment

Identifiers

PMID31707499
OpenAlexW2989006322

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.