ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2019
Changes in urban and rural cigarette smoking and cannabis use from 2007 to 2017 in adults in the United States.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluating the effects of nicotine concentration on the appeal and nicotine delivery of oral nicotine pouches among rural and Appalachian adults who smoke cigarettes: A randomized cross-over study.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2024Trial
- Cannabis use and perceptions among rural and urban cancer patients and survivors from a Pennsylvania cancer center.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
- Neighborhood Disadvantage and Adolescent Substance Use: Differences by Urbanicity and Substance Type.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2026Article
- County-Level COVID-19 Policy Comprehensiveness and Adult Behavioral Health during 2021 : County-Level COVID-19 Policy and Adult Behavioral Health.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2025Article
- Comparison between pediatric and adult acute natural cannabinoids toxicity: A 5-year retrospective study with special consideration of acute synthetic cannabinoids toxicity.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- The impact of oral health disparities on smoking prevalence.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- The Intersection of Rurality, Unmet Treatment Need, and Cannabis Use for Adults with Chronic Pain.Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.) · 2025Article
- Co-use of opioids and cannabis versus single-substance use: a national analysis of US adults.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Rural and urban differences in marijuana use following passages of medical marijuana laws.Public health · 2024Article
- Trends in marijuana and heavy alcohol use by cigarette smoking status among US adults: An analysis of the 2002-2019 NSDUH.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- Cannabis use, social support and social engagement among working-age adults in rural America.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- Exploring causal mechanisms of psychosis risk.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2024Review
- Marijuana use among community-dwelling older adults: A population-based study.International journal of geriatric psychiatry · 2024Article
- Exploring Smoking Disparities and Sociodemographic Factors in a Peri-urban Landscape: A Census Tract-Level Analysis in McLennan County, Texas.Journal of community health · 2024Article
- The association between marijuana and e-cigarette use and exercise behavior among adults.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- Where we live matters: a comparison of chronic pain treatment between remote and non-remote regions of Quebec, Canada.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Geographical location, cigarette risk perceptions, and current smoking among older US adults.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Urbanicity and psychotic disorders: Facts and hypotheses.Dialogues in clinical neuroscience · 2023Review
- Implementation of substance use screening in rural federally-qualified health center clinics identified high rates of unhealthy alcohol and cannabis use among adult primary care patients.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2023Article
- Association of rurality and identifying as black with receipt of specialty care among patients hospitalized with a diabetic foot ulcer: a Medicare cohort study.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionRural-urban differences in cigarette and cannabis use have traditionally shown higher levels of cigarette smoking in rural areas and of cannabis use in urban areas. To assess for changes in this pattern of use, we examined trends and prevalence of cigarette, cannabis, and co-use across urban-rural localities.
methodsUrban-rural trends in current cigarette and/or cannabis use was evaluated using 11 cohorts (2007-2017) of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH; N = 397,542). We used logistic regressions to model cigarette and cannabis use over time, adjusting for demographics (age, gender, race/ethnicity, income, education), in addition to assessing patterns of cannabis use among cigarette smokers and nonsmokers.
resultsDespite decreases in cigarette smoking overall, between 2007 and 2017, the urban-rural disparity in cigarette smoking increased (AOR = 1.17), with less reduction in rural as compared to urban cigarette smokers. Cannabis use increased in general (AOR = 1.88 by 2017), with greater odds in urban than rural regions. Cannabis use increased more rapidly in non-cigarette smokers than smokers (AOR = 1.37 by 2017), with 219% greater odds of cannabis use in rural non-cigarette smokers in 2017 versus 2007.
conclusionsRurality remains an important risk factor for cigarette smoking in adults and the fastest-growing group of cannabis users is rural non-cigarette smokers; however, cannabis use is currently still more prevalent in urban areas. Improved reach and access to empirically-supported prevention and treatment, especially in rural areas, along with dissemination and enforcement of policy-level regulations, may mitigate disparities in cigarette use and slow the increase in rural cannabis use.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.