SynthesisClinical psychology review2019
An examination of the relationship between shame, guilt and self-harm: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Clinical psychology review, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 154 citations in OpenAlex.
- Scars, screens, and stakes: Link between non-suicidal self-injury and problem gambling, problem gaming, and problematic internet use - A systematic review.Journal of behavioral addictions · 2025Pooled it
- Associations between humiliation, shame, self-harm and suicidality among adolescents and young adults: A systematic review.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review of the co-occurrence of self-harm and aggression: Is dual harm a unique behavioural construct?Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic review of the relationship between momentary emotional states and nonsuicidal self-injurious thoughts and behaviours.Psychology and psychotherapy · 2022Pooled it
- Conceptualization and Assessment of Shame Experience and Regulation: An Umbrella Review of Synthesis Studies.Clinical psychology & psychotherapyPooled it
- Shame as a mediator of the association of childhood emotional abuse with aversive cognitive perseveration in adults.British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953) · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Relationship between Shame, Loneliness, and Nonsuicidal Self-injury Among Chinese Adolescents.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2026Article
- Psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the 10-item State Shame and Guilt Scale.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- The effect of cyberbullying on nonsuicidal self-injury in adolescents: The chain mediating role of shame and dissociation.PloS one · 2026Article
- The shadow side of motives: self-destruction and dissociation in substance use disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Temporal dynamics of shame and guilt in adolescent NSSI: an ambulatory assessment study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- The mediating role of psychological factors in the relationship between body image dissatisfaction and eating disorders: a cross-sectional study in adults.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- 'Man up and get on with it': a qualitative exploration of UK ex-serving personnel's experiences of seeking help for self-harm and suicidal behaviours.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- Acculturation Experiences of Adolescents and Nonsuicidal Self-injury Behaviour: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.Journal of child & adolescent trauma · 2025Article
- Feasibility study of an embodied and embedded mindfulness- and compassion-based intervention for non-suicidal self-injury disorder.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Article
- The association of age of onset on suicide attempts in patients with chronic schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Locating Meaning: Health Professionals' Views on the Psychological and Clinical Significance of Self-Injury Sites.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Networks of guilt, shame, pride, and disordered eating in youths show stability over time.Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence · 2025Article
- The lived experience of self-injury stigma and its psychosocial impact: a thematic analysis.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Self-harm is a major public health concern associated with suicide risk and significant psychological distress. Theories suggest that aversive emotional states are an important process that drives self-harm. Shame and guilt may, in particular, be important emotions in self-harm. This review therefore sought to provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between shame, guilt, and self-harm. A systematic search of electronic databases (PsycINFO; Medline; CINAHL Plus; Web of Science and ProQuest) was undertaken to identify studies measuring shame, guilt and self-harm (including suicidal and non-suicidal behaviour). Meta-analysis was undertaken where papers focused on the same subtype of shame or guilt and shared a common outcome. Thirty studies were identified for inclusion. Most forms of shame were associated with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), but research was sparse concerning suicidal behaviour. Fewer studies examined guilt and findings were more varied. Methodological issues included a paucity of longitudinal designs and lack of justification for sample sizes. Results of this review support the link between shame and self-harm, particularly NSSI. The direction of this relationship is yet to be established. Clinically, consideration should be given to the role of shame amongst individuals who present with NSSI. This review was pre-registered on PROSPERO (CRD42017056165).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.