ArticleAmerican journal of obstetrics and gynecology2020
Obesity, smoking, and risk of vasomotor menopausal symptoms: a pooled analysis of eight cohort studies.
Article in American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors Associated With Menopause Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026Pooled it
- Association Between Vasomotor Symptoms of Menopause and Retirement: A Prospective Longitudinal Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026Article
- Review
- Estradiol mediates the association of waist-to-hip ratio, but not body fat percentage, with menopause-related symptoms in Chinese women aged 40-60 years.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Article
- Joint association of weight-adjusted waist index and serum cotinine levels with systemic inflammatory index in adults.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Management of menopausal hot flushes. Recommendations from the Spanish Menopause Society.European journal of obstetrics & gynecology and reproductive biology: X · 2025Review
- Management of vasomotor symptoms in cancer patients.The oncologist · 2025Review
- Inequalities in hormone replacement therapy prescribing in UK primary care: population based cohort study.BMJ medicine · 2025Article
- Quality of life among Tunisian women across different menopausal stages.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2025Article
- Adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet and severity of menopausal symptoms in perimenopausal and menopausal women from Australia: a cross-sectional analysis.European journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Obesity and Severity of Menopausal Symptoms: a Contemporary Review.Current diabetes reports · 2023Review
- Potential uses of cytisine for smoking cessation in menopausal women - literature summary.Przeglad menopauzalny = Menopause review · 2023Article
- Management of obesity across women's life course: FIGO Best Practice Advice.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2023Article
- Ideal Cardiovascular Health Metrics and Risk of Incident Early-Onset Vasomotor Symptoms Among Premenopausal Women.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Article
- Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Risk of Early-Onset Vasomotor Symptoms in Lean and Overweight Premenopausal Women.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Nutritional Risk Factors Associated with Vasomotor Symptoms in Women Aged 40-65 Years.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Alcohol Consumption Patterns and Risk of Early-Onset Vasomotor Symptoms in Premenopausal Women.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Age of Natural Menopause Among Jordanian Women and Factors Related to Premature and Early Menopause.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 10 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFrequent and severe vasomotor symptoms during menopause are linked with adverse health outcomes. Understanding modifiable lifestyle factors for the risk of vasomotor menopausal symptoms is important to guide preventive strategies.
objectiveWe investigated the associations between body mass index and smoking, their joint effects with the risk of vasomotor symptoms, and whether the associations differed by menopausal stage. STUDY
designThe International Collaboration for a Life Course Approach to Reproductive Health and Chronic Disease Events pooled data on 21,460 midlife women from 8 studies (median age, 50 years; interquartile range, 49-51 years) for the cross-sectional analysis. Four studies provided data for the prospective analysis (n=11,986). Multinomial logistic regression models with 4 categories of frequency/severity for the outcome of vasomotor symptoms were used to estimate relative risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals that were adjusted for within-study correlation and covariates.
resultsAt baseline, nearly 60% of the women experienced vasomotor symptoms. One-half of them were overweight (30%) or obese (21%), and 17% were current smokers. Cross-sectional analyses showed that a higher body mass index and smoking more cigarettes with longer duration and earlier initiation were all associated with more frequent or severe vasomotor symptoms. Never smokers who were obese had a 1.5-fold (relative risk ratio, 1.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.35-1.73) higher risk of often/severe vasomotor symptoms, compared with never smokers who were of normal-weight. Smoking strengthened the association because the risk of often/severe vasomotor symptoms was much greater among smokers who were obese (relative risk ratio, 3.02; 95% confidence interval, 2.41-3.78). However, smokers who quit at <40 years of age were at similar levels of risk as never smokers. Prospective analyses showed a similar pattern, but the association attenuated markedly after adjustment for baseline vasomotor symptoms. Furthermore, we found that the association between body mass index and vasomotor symptoms differed by menopausal status. Higher body mass index was associated with increased risk of vasomotor symptoms in pre- and perimenopause but with reduced risk in postmenopause.
conclusionHigh body mass index (≥25 kg/m
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