ArticleMolecular neurobiology2020
Intravitreal S100B Injection Triggers a Time-Dependent Microglia Response in a Pro-Inflammatory Manner in Retina and Optic Nerve.
Article in Molecular neurobiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microbial characterization of oral microbiome in patients with open-angle glaucoma.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal Immune Dynamics in Experimental Retinal Ganglion Cell Injury Models.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Review
- Effect on Different Glial Cell Types of S100B Modulation in Multiple Sclerosis Experimental Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Gastrodin inhibits reactive astrocyte-mediated inflammation in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage through S100B/RAGE-Smad3 signaling.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2025Article
- In a novel autoimmune and high-pressure glaucoma model a complex immune response is induced.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- Maternal undernutrition model of two generations of rats: Changes in the aged retina.Histology and histopathology · 2023Article
- Astrocyte Immune Functions and Glaucoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Glaucoma and microglia-induced neuroinflammation.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2023Review
- Glaucoma-like damage induced by S100B injection is accompanied by microglial response.Neural regeneration research · 2022Article
- The Interaction Between Microglia and Macroglia in Glaucoma.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Review
- Minocycline reduces inflammatory response and cell death in a S100B retina degeneration model.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2020Article
- Preservation of optic nerve structure by complement inhibition in experimental glaucoma.Cell and tissue research · 2020Article
- Synapse and Receptor Alterations in Two Different S100B-Induced Glaucoma-Like Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Destructive Effect of Intravitreal Heat Shock Protein 27 Application on Retinal Ganglion Cells and Neurofilament.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Intranigral Administration ofJournal of immunology research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
S100B is a glial protein, which belongs to calcium-binding protein family. Alterations of S100B level were noted in various neurodegenerative diseases. In a new glaucoma-like animal model S100B was injected intravitreally, which led to neuronal degeneration in retina and optic nerve. The pathological mechanisms are still unknown. Therefore, S100B protein was intravitreally injected in rats. At days 14 and 21, retina, optic nerve, serum, and aqueous humor were investigated. S100B injection led to an increase of retinal NF-κB at day 14. Furthermore, higher IL-1β levels in retina, serum, and aqueous humor were measured. A co-localization of microglia and IL-1β was noted, which correlated with an increased microglia response in retina and optic nerve at day 14. At the same point in time, more apoptotic RGCs and a decline in RGC numbers were observed. At 21 days, this damage was still present, but no signal pathway activations were detectable anymore. Interestingly, macroglia were not affected at any point in time. We conclude that S100B activated the NF-κB signal pathway, which then regulated IL-1β production and release from microglia. A positive feedback loop of IL-1β likely stimulates microglia in a pro-inflammatory manner. These microglia probably induce apoptotic damage in retina and optic nerve. Meanwhile, the injected S100B protein was naturally degraded, which explains the resting state of the pro-inflammatory signal pathways with constant damage later on. The inhibition of S100B release or microglia response could potentially decrease the damage in degenerative diseases, like glaucoma.
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Registered trials
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