ArticleScientific reports2019
Exfoliative toxin E, a new Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor with host-specific activity.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Enzymatic properties, pathogenic potential, and prevalence of ExfA, a novel Staphylococcus felis exfoliative toxin.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2026Article
- Beyond Antibiotics: Therapeutic Strategies Utilizing Probiotics and Bacteriophages Against Drug-ResistantMicroorganisms · 2026Review
- Methicillin-resistantiScience · 2026Review
- Host genetic variation in desmoglein-1 is associated with susceptibility to staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Occurrence ofToxins · 2025Review
- Emergence of livestock-associated MRSA in the Egyptian Nile Delta that carry the exfoliative toxin gene etA: a case for enhanced surveillance.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Article
- Molecular Epidemiology, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Virulence Profiles ofMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Case Report: Fatal Necrotizing Pneumonia by Exfoliative ToxinMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Skin Infections Caused by Panton-Valentine Leukocidin and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in Child, Japan.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Understanding host's response to staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2025Review
- Investigation of Various Toxigenic Genes and Antibiotic and Disinfectant Resistance Profiles ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Mec-A Positive Methicillin-SusceptibleReports of biochemistry & molecular biology · 2024Article
- Host-gut microbiota interactions shape parasite infections in farmed Atlantic salmon.mSystems · 2024Article
- Virulence Mechanisms of Staphylococcal Animal Pathogens.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- Exploring the Role ofToxins · 2022Review
- Three-Dimensional Structure Characterization and Inhibition Study of Exfoliative Toxin D FromFrontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Case Report: Necrotizing fasciitis caused byFrontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Staphylococcus aureus in Agriculture: Lessons in Evolution from a Multispecies Pathogen.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2021Review
- First Molecular Characterization ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Exfoliative toxins (ETs) are secreted virulence factors produced by staphylococci. These serine proteases specifically cleave desmoglein 1 (Dsg1) in mammals and are key elements in staphylococcal skin infections. We recently identified a new et gene in S. aureus O46, a strain isolated from ovine mastitis. In the present study, we characterized the new et gene at a genetic level and the enzymatic activity of the deduced protein. The S. aureus O46 genome was re-assembled, annotated and compared with other publicly available S. aureus genomes. The deduced amino acid sequence of the new et gene shared 40%, 53% and 59% sequence identity to those of ETA, ETB and ETD, respectively. The new et gene shared the same genetic vicinity and was similar in other S. aureus strains bearing this gene. The recombinant enzyme of the new et gene caused skin exfoliation in vivo in neonatal mice. The new et-gene was thus named ete, encoding a new type (type E) of exfoliative toxin. We showed that ETE degraded the extracellular segments of Dsg1 in murine, ovine and caprine epidermis, as well as in ovine teat canal epithelia, but not that in bovine epidermis. We further showed that it directly hydrolyzed human and swine Dsg1 as well as murine Dsg1α and Dsg1β, but not canine Dsg1 or murine Dsg1γ. Molecular modeling revealed a correlation between the preferred orientation of ETE docking on its Dsg1 cleavage site and species-specific cleavage activity, suggesting that the docking step preceding cleavage accounts for the ETE species-specificity. This new virulence factor may contribute to the bacterial colonization on the stratified epithelia in certain ruminants with mastitis.
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