ArticleNature communications2019
4-Octyl itaconate inhibits aerobic glycolysis by targeting GAPDH to exert anti-inflammatory effects.
Article in Nature communications, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 249 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
249 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 425 citations in OpenAlex.
- Carbohydrates Metabolic Signatures in Immune Cells: Response to Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Metabolic impact of low dose IL-2 therapy for primary Sjögren's Syndrome in a double-blind, randomized clinical trial.Clinical rheumatology · 2024Trial
- Itaconate: a dual-edged sword in immunometabolism and host-pathogen interactions.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Itaconation and Succination as Metabolite-Derived Cysteine Modifications in Inflammatory Signalling: Biochemical Mechanisms, Chemoproteomic Mapping, and Therapeutic Opportunities.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Review
- Itaconate metabolism in regulated cell death.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Review
- Itaconate and its derivatives in human health and diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Copper homeostasis and cuproptosis: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- 4-Octyl Itaconate Promotes Diabetic Wound Healing by Enhancing Pro-Resolving Macrophages via the Efferocytosis-MCT1-Lactate-GPR132 Pathway and Macrophage-Independent Synergistic Effects.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2026Article
- Offense and defense: itaconate mediates bidirectional immune regulation of host-bacteria interaction.Journal of biomedical science · 2026Review
- Rutin attenuates liver fibrosis via the IRG1-itaconate-Nrf2 axis.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- 3-Hydroxypropionic acid converts inflammatory macrophage glycolysis into mitochondrial oxidation through GAPDH carboxyethylation.iScience · 2026Article
- Metabolites as signalling molecules in the tumour immune microenvironment.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Role of itaconate in intestinal disease (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Pulmonary fibrosis: Emerging targets and novel therapeutics.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Review
- Emerging host-directed strategies for overcoming drug resistance and immune evasion in Staphylococcus aureus infections.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- STAT1 itaconation prevents macrophage cytolistic mtDNA -induced inflammation in wear particle-induced aseptic loosening.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Itaconate modifications: Mechanisms and applications.Journal of intensive medicine · 2026Review
- Dual itaconate delivery systems modulate macrophage Acod1-Hif-1α-glycolysis axis for immunotherapy of bioprosthetic heart valve calcification.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Article
- Black phosphorus in theragenerative medicine: a multi-organ perspective on disease modulation and tissue repair.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
189 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Activated macrophages switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis, similar to the Warburg effect, presenting a potential therapeutic target in inflammatory disease. The endogenous metabolite itaconate has been reported to regulate macrophage function, but its precise mechanism is not clear. Here, we show that 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI, a cell-permeable itaconate derivative) directly alkylates cysteine residue 22 on the glycolytic enzyme GAPDH and decreases its enzyme activity. Glycolytic flux analysis by U
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.