Trial reportThe Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine2020
Awareness of and Receptivity to the Fresh Empire Tobacco Public Education Campaign Among Hip Hop Youth.
Trial report in The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of Youth Tobacco Prevention Ads: Meta-Analysis of a Decade's Worth of Copy-Testing Data.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Pooled it
- The Measurement of Dose and Response for Smoking Behavior Change Interventions in the Digital Age: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2022Pooled it
- Young Adult Responses to Peer Crowd-Based Targeting in E-cigarette Advertisements: An Experimental Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Trial
- Optimizing Images for an E-Cigarette Messaging Campaign: Liking and Perceived Effectiveness.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Trial
- Article
- The Lancet Commission on rethinking coronary artery disease: moving from ischaemia to atheroma.Lancet (London, England) · 2025Review
- Youth Tobacco Control in the Digital Age: Impact of South Carolina's Youth Tobacco Education and Vaping Cessation Social Media Programs.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Effect of a State-Level Vaping Prevention Campaign on Beliefs and Behaviors in Young People.Substance use & misuse · 2025Article
- Predictors of Cigar, Cigarillo, and Little Cigar Initiation Among Hip Hop-Identifying Youth.Substance use & misuse · 2025Article
- Factors Associated with Use of Cigars, Little Cigars, Cigarillos, and Blunts among Hip Hop Youth in the United States.American journal of health behavior · 2023Article
- Latent Classes of Perceived Addictiveness Predict Marijuana, Alcohol, and Tobacco Use in Youth and Young Adults.Substance use & misuse · 2023Article
- Awareness of and receptivity to FDA's point-of-sale tobacco public education campaign.PloS one · 2023Article
- Reach, Receptivity, And Beliefs Associated With theAmerican journal of health promotion : AJHP · 2022Article
- Psychographic segmentation to identify higher-risk teen peer crowds for health communications: Validation of Virginia's Mindset Lens Survey.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Language Gap in Reach of "The Real Cost": Examination of a Federal Mass Media Campaign From 2017 to 2019.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Article
- Predicting Age Groups of Reddit Users Based on Posting Behavior and Metadata: Classification Model Development and Validation.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2021Article
- Using Peer Crowd Affiliation to Address Dual Use of Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes among San Francisco Bay Area Young Adults: A Cross Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- The Vaping Teenager: Understanding the Psychographics and Interests of Adolescent Vape Users to Inform Health Communication Campaigns.Tobacco use insights · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe aim of the study was to assess awareness of and receptivity to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Fresh Empire tobacco public education campaign designed to reach Hip Hop-identified youth, who are at higher smoking risk.
methodsThe evaluation uses a randomized treatment-control design with 15 campaign-targeted treatment and 15 control markets. We conducted surveys among 12- to 17-year-olds before campaign launch and at approximately 6-month intervals. Analyses explore treatment-control differences in Fresh Empire brand and video advertisement awareness at individual survey rounds and over time and perceived effectiveness of advertisements.
resultsAwareness of the Fresh Empire brand was higher among youth in treatment than control markets following campaign launch (ps < .01). Awareness of the Fresh Empire brand increased more in treatment than control over time (adjusted odds ratio = 3.26, 95% confidence interval = 1.90-5.58). At follow-ups 1 and 3, youth in treatment (vs. control) were more likely to report high and less likely to report low awareness of video advertisements (ps < .05). There were no treatment-control differences in video awareness at follow-up 2 (not significant). Fresh Empire video advertisements had perceived effectiveness scores ranging from 3.66 to 4.11 (1-5 scale) across three survey rounds.
conclusionsAmong the campaign audience of Hip Hop-identified youth, awareness of the Fresh Empire campaign was higher in treatment than control markets at individual survey rounds, and increases in campaign awareness were greater in treatment than control markets over time. Campaign advertisements also elicited positive audience reactions. Findings suggest that heavily digital campaigns may take longer to achieve Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-recommended 75% quarterly awareness.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.