ArticleActa neuropathologica communications2019
Chemokines modulate the tumour microenvironment in pituitary neuroendocrine tumours.
Article in Acta neuropathologica communications, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Aggressive PitNETs and Potential Target Therapies: A Systematic Review of Molecular and Genetic Pathways.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Treatment of non-functioning pituitary adenoma with cabergoline: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pituitary · 2022Pooled it
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in the Resistance to Somatostatin Receptor Ligands in Acromegaly.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- Peripheral immune signatures associated with invasive behavior in pituitary neuroendocrine tumor: a blood-based analysis.BMC immunology · 2026Article
- Deep learning for predicting pituitary neuroendocrine tumour lineage and high-risk subtypes from histology.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Single-cell epigenetic landscape, microenvironment interactions, and gene regulatory modules of non-functioning pituitary adenomas.Cell systems · 2026Article
- DRD2 Deficiency Underlies Pituitary Adenoma Dependent on Escherichia coli Translocation from the Gut.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- The emerging role of chemokines and chemokine receptors in the biological and clinical behaviour of pituitary neuroendocrine tumours: An exploratory transcriptomic study.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- A hybrid PKPD agent-based model of the tumour immune interaction: effects of anti-cancer combination therapy.Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics · 2026Article
- Exploring the causal relationship between gut microbiota, circulating inflammatory proteins, and colorectal neuroendocrine tumors: a Mendelian randomization study.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Multidimensional tumor-blood profiling uncovers systemic lymphocyte-monocyte imbalance in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
- Tumor-infiltrating immune cells predict the response to somatostatin receptor ligands only in somatotropinomas naïve to medical therapy.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2025Observational
- The Roles of PD-L1, Ki-67, P53, and Cyclin D1 in PitNETs: Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications in a Series of 74 Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Recent research advances in interleukin, microRNA and neuroendocrine tumor biomarkers (Review).Molecular and clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Orthotopic pituitary tumors generated by stereotaxic GC cell injection in immunocompetent rats.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Article
- The periphery of pituitary macroadenoma expressed higher invasive capability: the importance of clinical implication.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- A Nexus of Biomolecular Complexities in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors: Insights into Key Molecular Drivers.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Article
- Single-cell transcriptomics identify a novel macrophage population associated with bone invasion in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Article
- Clinical and therapeutic implications of cavernous sinus invasion in pituitary adenomas.Endocrine · 2024Review
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Non-tumoural cells within the tumour microenvironment (TME) influence tumour proliferation, invasiveness and angiogenesis. Little is known about TME in pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (PitNETs). We aimed to characterise the role of TME in the aggressive behaviour of PitNETs, focusing on immune cells and cytokines. The cytokine secretome of 16 clinically non-functioning PitNETs (NF-PitNETs) and 8 somatotropinomas was assessed in primary culture using an immunoassay panel with 42 cytokines. This was correlated with macrophage (CD68, HLA-DR, CD163), T-lymphocyte (CD8, CD4, FOXP3), B-lymphocyte (CD20), neutrophil (neutrophil elastase) and endothelial cells (CD31) content, compared to normal pituitaries (NPs, n = 5). In vitro tumour-macrophage interactions were assessed by conditioned medium (CM) of GH3 (pituitary tumour) and RAW264.7 (macrophage) cell lines on morphology, migration/invasion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cytokine secretion. IL-8, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CXCL10, CCL22 and CXCL1 are the main PitNET-derived cytokines. PitNETs with increased macrophage and neutrophil content had higher IL-8, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4 and CXCL1 levels. CD8+ T-lymphocytes were associated to higher CCL2, CCL4 and VEGF-A levels. PitNETs had more macrophages than NPs (p < 0.001), with a 3-fold increased CD163:HLA-DR macrophage ratio. PitNETs contained more CD4+ T-lymphocytes (p = 0.005), but fewer neutrophils (p = 0.047) with a 2-fold decreased CD8:CD4 ratio. NF-PitNETs secreted more cytokines and had 9 times more neutrophils than somatotropinomas (p = 0.002). PitNETs with higher Ki-67 had more FOXP3+ T cells, as well as lower CD68:FOXP3, CD8:CD4 and CD8:FOXP3 ratios. PitNETs with "deleterious immune phenotype" (CD68
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.