Trial reportHealth and quality of life outcomes2019
The effectiveness of the "SMG" model for health-promoting lifestyles among empty nesters: a community intervention trial.
Trial report in Health and quality of life outcomes, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Deriving Health Utility Values Using Mapping Methods Among the Chinese Population: A Systematic Review.Applied health economics and health policy · 2026Pooled it
- Determinants and outcomes of health-promoting lifestyle among people with schizophrenia.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Health Promoting Behaviors, Health Needs and Associated Factors among Older Adults in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of community based nursing and midwifery · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWith the disintegration of the extended family in recent years, the empty-nest phenomenon is increasingly common in China and the health of empty nesters is attracting more attention. Lifestyles, accounting for 53% in determining death, play a vital role in improving the health of individuals. However, it was rarely studied in promoting the health of empty nesters. In this study, we proposed a "SMG" model in empty nesters, including the self-management, mutual management, and group management, to implement health-promoting lifestyles interventions among empty nesters to provide an effective means to improve their lifestyles and health.
methodsWe conducted a prospective intervention on 350 empty nesters in three communities located in Taiyuan, China. One hundred sixty-seven empty nesters were randomly assigned to the intervention group with SMG-based health-promoting lifestyles interventions used for 7-months, and 183 were randomly assigned to the control group with no measures imposed. The Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP-C) was used to rate the lifestyles of empty nesters. Generalized estimation model was used to analyze the differences between the intervention and control groups over time, adjusted for education and employment.
resultsAfter 7 months of health-promoting lifestyles intervention, HPLP-C score and each dimension score in the intervention group all increase from baseline. There were significant differences after intervention associated with time and group interaction effects in aspects of HPLP-C (mean score = 8.838, 95%CI:6.369-11.306), self-realization (mean score = 1.443, 95%CI:0.352-2.534), Health responsibility (mean score = 1.492, 95%CI:0.477-2.508), physical activity (mean score = 1.031, 95%CI:0.572-1.491), nutrition (mean = 0.827, 95%CI:0.177-1.476), interpersonal relations (mean = 2.917, 95%CI:2.365-3.469) and stress management (mean score = 0.729, 95%CI:0.131-1.327). And education is contributing to the effect of the health-promoting lifestyle intervention (Estimate:8.833, p < 0.001).
conclusionsSMG-based health-promoting lifestyles intervention in empty nesters effectively improved the lifestyles of empty nesters, and the outcome was affected by education. Lifestyle change requires ongoing intervention, and community service centres must be involved in implementing the "SMG" model to provide ongoing support and improve the effect of interventions among empty nesters.
trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial ChiCTR1800015884. Registration date: 26-04-2018. Retrospectively registered.
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