Trial reportInternational journal of environmental research and public health2019
Walking Green: Developing an Evidence Base for Nature Prescriptions.
Trial report in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The effectiveness of nature-based interventions on mental health: A systematic review.Applied psychology. Health and well-being · 2026Pooled it
- What Activities in Forests Are Beneficial for Human Health? A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- A Meta-Analysis of Emotional Evidence for the Biophilia Hypothesis and Implications for Biophilic Design.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- Is altitude a determinant of the health benefits of nature exposure? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- A randomized controlled trial of surf and hike therapy for U.S. active duty service members with major depressive disorder.BMC psychiatry · 2023Trial
- Natural or Urban Campus Walks and Vitality in University Students: Exploratory Qualitative Findings from a Pilot Randomised Controlled Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Trial
- "Sitting on the Porch Just Hearing the Crickets": Rural Living and Mental Well-Being Among Veterans in the U.S. South.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2026Article
- Comparing Real and Virtual Nature Exposure on Cognition, Well-Being, and Brain Activity in Adults With and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Protocol for a Randomized Experimental Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Evaluating Microclimate Modification and Acute Cardiovascular Stress Responses to a Dense Urban Microforest: The Green Oasis (GRO) Protocol.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Reddit posts reveal how natural environments affect social anxiety in young people.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- From indoor psychotherapy and counseling to walk-and-talk: psychological and physiological responses across a fixed sequence of indoor, urban, and nature-based sessions.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Forest bathing (Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Nature-based activities and mental well-being in adults: a study on perceived health outcomes.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Interactions with Nature, Good for the Mind and Body: A Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Review
- Effects of virtual exposure to urban greenways on mental health.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Article
- Sea swimming and snorkeling in tropical coastal blue spaces and mental well-being: Findings from Indonesian island communities during the COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of outdoor recreation and tourism · 2023Article
- Predictors of sustained physical activity: behaviour, bodily health, and the living environment.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
- Healthy lifestyles and wellbeing reduce neuroinflammation and prevent neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Psychological and functional outcomes following a randomized controlled trial of surf and hike therapy for U.S. service members.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Although the health benefits of exercise and exposure to nature are well established, most evidence of their interaction comes from acute observations of single sessions of activity. However, documenting improved health outcomes requires ongoing interventions, measurement of multiple outcomes, and longitudinal analyses. We conducted a pilot study to guide the development of a protocol for future longitudinal studies that would assess multiple physiological and psychological outcomes. Herein, we report psychological outcomes measured from thirty-eight participants before and after three conditions: a 50 min walk on a forest path, a 50 min walk along a busy road, and a period of activities of daily living. Changes in positive and negative affect, anxiety, perceived stress, and working memory are reported. We benchmark these results to existing studies that used similar protocols and also identify elements of the protocol that might impair recruitment or retention of subjects in longer-term studies. Linear mixed-models regression revealed that walking improved psychological state when compared to activities of daily living, regardless of walk environment (
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.