ArticlePloS one2019
Olfactory screening of Parkinson's Disease patients and healthy subjects in China and Germany: A study of cross-cultural adaptation of the Sniffin' Sticks 12-identification test.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of Sniffin Sticks Test performance in Parkinson's disease patients in different countries.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2022Pooled it
- Olfactory dysfunction as a marker of neurodegenerative disease in older adults.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2026Article
- Validation of the Hebrew version of the "Sniffin' Sticks" olfactory test: a cross-sectional study in an Israeli cohort.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Article
- Diagnostic value of Montreal cognitive assessment combined with olfactory tests for mild cognitive impairment in older adult patients with type 2 diabetes.European geriatric medicine · 2025Article
- Olfactory Network Disruptions as Mediators of Cognitive Impairment in De Novo Parkinson's Disease.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- China's Modified Version of Sniffin' Sticks 12-Identification Test Used in Chinese Parkinson's Disease and Multiple System Patients: Comparison of Three Olfactory Testing Methods.Parkinson's disease · 2024Article
- Abnormal Ocular Movement in the Early Stage of Multiple-System Atrophy With Predominant Parkinsonism Distinct From Parkinson's Disease.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2024Article
- Clinical utility of and correlation between Sniffin' Sticks and TIB smell identification test (TIBSIT) among Hong Kong Chinese with or without chronic rhinosinusitis.Frontiers in allergy · 2024Article
- Article
- Olfactory function changes and the predictive performance of the Chinese Smell Identification Test in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Article
- International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Olfaction.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2022Review
- Prediction of Quality of Life in Patients With Parkinson's Disease With and Without Excessive Daytime Sleepiness: A Longitudinal Study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Comparison of Brain Activation Patterns during Olfactory Stimuli between Recovered COVID-19 Patients and Healthy Controls: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Study.Brain sciences · 2021Article
- Parkin is the most common causative gene in a cohort of mainland Chinese patients with sporadic early-onset Parkinson's disease.Brain and behavior · 2020Article
- The health burden of non-communicable neurological disorders in the USA between 1990 and 2017.Brain communications · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOlfactory testing is a useful tool in the differential diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease (PD). Although fast and easy to use, the high intercultural variability of odor detection limits the world-wide use of the most common test sets.
objectiveThe aim of this study was to test one of the most commonly used olfactory tests (Sniffin' Sticks 12-identification test) in an adapted version for a Chinese population of healthy subjects and PD patients.
methodsFor this purpose, cohorts of 39 Chinese and 41 German PD patients as well as 70 Chinese and 100 German healthy subjects have been examined both with the original and the adapted version of the Sniffin' Sticks test, the latter being designed according to the regional culture.
resultsThe adapted Chinese version of the Sniffin' Sticks 12 identification test proved to discriminate Chinese PD patients from controls with a high specificity but relatively low sensitivity. Yet not all odor exchanges would have been necessary as the original odors including liquorice and coffee showed an equally high identification rate in the Chinese and German cohorts.
conclusionsThe results showed that the newly adapted test could be used as a screening test for PD related olfactory dysfunction in a Chinese population. However further investigation will be necessary to optimize the selection of odors for the Chinese version of the test.
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