ArticleEuropace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology2020
European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) international consensus document on how to prevent, diagnose, and treat cardiac implantable electronic device infections-endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS), International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases (ISCVID) and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS).
Article in Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07013552 (Oritavancin as a Therapeutic Regimen for Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices Infections With Multidrug-resistant Gram-positive Cocci), which is not on this map. Cited by 228 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Oritavancin as a Therapeutic Regimen for Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices Infections With Multidrug-resistant Gram-positive Cocci
Who cites it
228 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 396 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antimicrobial Pocket Flush and Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infection: Meta-Analysis of Real-World Studies.Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE · 2026Pooled it
- Skin Closure Techniques After Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Implantation and Their Impact on Pocket Complications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc · 2026Pooled it
- Cost-effectiveness of an intraoperative antibacterial envelope in preventing cardiac implantable device-associated infections: a systematic review.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2025Pooled it
- Management of patients with transvalvular right ventricular leads undergoing transcatheter tricuspid valve interventions: a scientific statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association and the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions of the ESC endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society, the Asian Pacific Heart Rhythm Society and the Canadian Heart Rhythm Society.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2025Guideline
- Usefulness of sonication in the microbiological diagnosis of cardiovascular implantable electronic device infections: systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2024Pooled it
- New-generation electronic appliances and cardiac implantable electronic devices: a systematic literature review of mechanisms and in vivo studies.Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing · 2024Pooled it
- Investigating the Cost-Effectiveness of Telemonitoring Patients With Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Pooled it
- European Society of Cardiology Quality Indicators for the care and outcomes of cardiac pacing: developed by the Working Group for Cardiac Pacing Quality Indicators in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association of the European Society of Cardiology.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2022Pooled it
- Iodinated Adhesive Drapes for Repeat Cardiac Implantable Device Implantation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA cardiology · 2025Trial
- Efficacy and safety of negative pressure wound therapy in the treatment of patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices pocket infection.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Trial
- Long-term Oral Suppressive Antimicrobial Therapy in Infective Endocarditis (SATIE Study): An Observational Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- Beyond the Pocket: Clinical, Routine Biomarker, and Microbiological Associations with Systemic Versus Localized Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Infection.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Campylobacter jejuni as a Rare Pathogen in CIED Pocket Infections: A Case Report and Literature Review.The American journal of case reports · 2026Review
- Diagnostic and Management Challenges in a Non-Infectious Pacemaker Pocket Swelling: A Case Report and Literature Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Routine Inflammation-Haemostasis Panel in Transvenous Lead Extraction: An Exploratory Prospective Single-Centre Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Influencing Factors and Prediction of Complications After Implantation of Cardiac Electronic Devices.Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE · 2026Article
- Combined Application of a Helix-Fixation Leadless Pacemaker and a Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator in a Dialysis Patient: A Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- The 'CIED Team' Approach to Device-Related Complications.JACC. Case reports · 2026Article
- Skin Thickness Over Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: Prognostic Impact and Longitudinal Changes.Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE · 2026Article
- A case report of pacemaker endocarditis presenting as osteitis in a high-surgical-risk patient: a management challenge with thromboaspiration and leadless pacemaker implantation.European heart journal. Case reports · 2026Article
168 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 16 institutions in 12 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pacemakers, implantable cardiac defibrillators, and cardiac resynchronization therapy devices are potentially life-saving treatments for a number of cardiac conditions, but are not without risk. Most concerning is the risk of a cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection, which is associated with significant morbidity, increased hospitalizations, reduced survival, and increased healthcare costs. Recommended preventive strategies such as administration of intravenous antibiotics before implantation are well recognized. Uncertainties have remained about the role of various preventive, diagnostic, and treatment measures such as skin antiseptics, pocket antibiotic solutions, anti-bacterial envelopes, prolonged antibiotics post-implantation, and others. Guidance on whether to use novel device alternatives expected to be less prone to infections and novel oral anticoagulants is also limited, as are definitions on minimum quality requirements for centres and operators and volumes. Moreover, an international consensus document on management of CIED infections is lacking. The recognition of these issues, the dissemination of results from important randomized trials focusing on prevention of CIED infections, and observed divergences in managing device-related infections as found in an European Heart Rhythm Association worldwide survey, provided a strong incentive for a 2019 International State-of-the-art Consensus document on risk assessment, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CIED infections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.