ArticleThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2020
Stool-Based Pathogen Detection Offers Advantages as an Outcome Measure for Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Trials.
Article in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness of domestic food hygiene interventions on the microbiological quality of child food and childhood diarrhoea: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ global health · 2026Pooled it
- Is detection of enteropathogens and human or animal faecal markers in the environment associated with subsequent child enteric infections and growth: an individual participant data meta-analysis.The Lancet. Global health · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of a school-based water and hygiene intervention on the health and attendance of preschool pupils in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cluster-randomised controlled trial.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2026Trial
- Impact of a school-based water and hygiene intervention on child health and school attendance in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cluster-randomised controlled trial.BMC medicine · 2024Trial
- Impact of Low-Cost Point-of-Use Water Treatment Technologies on Enteric Infections and Growth among Children in Limpopo, South Africa.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Trial
- Associations between enteric pathogen carriage and height-for-age, weight-for-age and weight-for-height in children under 5 years old in urban Dhaka, Bangladesh.Epidemiology and infection · 2020Trial
- Waterborne diseases and climate change.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Updated Estimates of the Global, Regional and National Burden, and Etiology of Diarrheal Diseases Transmissible via Food: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analytical Modelling Study for the World Health Organization.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Variability of enteric pathogen infections by season and meteorological conditions in a low-income, urban setting in Mozambique.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Invisible Gaps: Reflections on Microbial Exposure Pathways and the Limits of Environmental Indicators.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Variability of enteric pathogen infections by season and meteorological conditions in a low-income, urban setting in Mozambique.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Associations between Fecal Contamination of the Household Environment and Enteric Pathogen Detection in Children Living in Maputo, Mozambique.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- WASH and learn: a scoping review of health, education and gender equity outcomes of school-based water, sanitation and hygiene in low-income and middle-income countries.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Article
- Risk Factors for Enteric Pathogen Exposure among Children in Black Belt Region of Alabama, USA.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Article
- Producing ratio measures of effect with quantitative microbial risk assessment.Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2023Article
- Exploring Survey-Based Water, Sanitation, and Animal Associations With Enteric Pathogen Carriage: Comparing Results in a Cohort of Cases With Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea to Those in Controls in the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) Study, 2015-2018.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Article
- Higher pathogen load in children from Mozambique vs. USA revealed by comparative fecal microbiome profiling.ISME communications · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Most health impact trials of water, sanitation, and hygiene use caregiver-reported diarrhea in children as the primary outcome; this measure is known to be subject to considerable bias, especially when used in unblinded trials. Detection of enteric pathogens in stool or fecal waste via multiplex molecular methods may offer advantages over-and is complementary to-caregiver-reported diarrhea because these measures are objective, on the causal pathway from exposures of interest to disease outcomes, and increasingly feasible in high-burden countries.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.