ArticleEnvironmental science and pollution research international2019
Thyroid dysfunction: how concentration of toxic and essential elements contribute to risk of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroid cancer.
Article in Environmental science and pollution research international, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Prenatal exposure to air pollution and maternal and fetal thyroid function: a systematic review of the epidemiological evidence.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2024Pooled it
- Association between female circulating heavy metal concentration and abortion: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Blood lead concentrations in children with iron deficiency anemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Pooled it
- Article
- The Thyroid Under Pressure: Heavy Metals, Endocrine Disruptors and Translational Insights into Carcinogenesis and Thyroid Dysfunctions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Comprehensive profiling of metal compound toxicity: potential novel targets and mechanistic insights using Tox21 screening.Journal of hazardous materials advances · 2026Article
- Effects of essential metals (iron, zinc, and copper) on thyroid diseases - a narrative review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Association between multi-metal co-exposure and thyroid cancer risk in Shanxi, China: A case-control study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Toxic metals and bioelements: Combined oxidative stress effects on liver injury and thyroid hormone disruption in subjects from different areas of Erbil province.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- Biomonitoring of metals in the blood and urine of waste recyclers from exposure to airborne fine particulate matter (PMJournal of environmental health science & engineering · 2025Article
- Effects of Trace Elements on Endocrine Function and Pathogenesis of Thyroid Diseases-A Literature Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- The Role of Nutrition on Thyroid Function.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Trace element levels: How Substance Use Disorder (SUD) contributes to the alteration of urinary essential and toxic element levels.PloS one · 2024Article
- Article
- Human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in the breast milk consumed by infants in Western Iran.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Estimating disease-free survival of thyroid cancer based on novel cuprotosis-related gene model.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Nickel as a potential disruptor of thyroid function: benchmark modelling of human data.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Association of multiple blood metals with thyroid function in general adults: A cross-sectional study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Cadmium: A Focus on the Brown Crab (Toxics · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the levels of trace metals Fe, Cr, Co, Cd, Cu, Ni, Hg, Zn, and Pb in healthy individuals and patients with thyroid disease (hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and cancerous). The serum levels of 110 participants living in Birjand City, east of Iran, were collected and analyzed using ICP-MS (Agilent 7900). Results showed that the concentration levels of Cr, Co, Zn, Cd, and Pb were significantly higher at case-patients (p < 0.05), but the levels of Fe, Ni, and Hg were similar between healthy and patient subjects (p > 0.05). In patients with high or low thyroid activity, strong mutual correlations between Cr, Ni, and Fe were noticeable (p < 0.05). In hypothyroid patients, no significant correlation between Zn and Hg, Co, and Cd was found, but Zn was moderately and positively correlated with other trace metals. The moderate negative correlations between Cd-Cr (p = - 0.46) and Cd-Fe (p = - 0.43) were also observed. Logistic regression analysis showed that the effect of Cr, Co, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd was significant in developing hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism; whereas, in patients with thyroid cancer, the effect of Cr, Cd, and Pb was found to be significant. In conclusion, our findings suggest that toxic metals such as Pb, Cd, and Cr can increase the risk of developing hypothyroidism and thyroid cancer, but more research is needed to evaluate the potential toxicity mechanisms of Pb, Cd, and Cr.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.