ArticleCulture, medicine and psychiatry2020
Ghost Encounters Among Traumatized Cambodian Refugees: Severity, Relationship to PTSD, and Phenomenology.
Article in Culture, medicine and psychiatry, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Secondary analysis of a randomized trial testing community health educator interventions for diabetes prevention among refugees with depression: effects on nutrition, physical activity and sleep.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2023Trial
- PTSD and Audio Vestibular Symptoms: A Two-Way Street Driven by the Amygdala? A Speculative Hypothesis.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Relationships between PTSD severity and suicidal ideation in Cambodian women: The role of individual symptom clusters, trauma types and depression.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Cross-cultural assessment of prolonged grief symptomatology in Switzerland, Rwanda, and Viet Nam: protocol for an experience sampling study.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Psychological distress and health behaviours among Cambodian Americans at risk for developing diabetes.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2023Article
- The hypnagogic state: A brief update.Journal of sleep research · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Ghost encounters were found to be a key part of the trauma ontology among Cambodian refugees at a psychiatric clinic, a key idiom of distress. Fifty-four percent of patients had been bothered by ghost encounters in the last month. The severity of being bothered by ghosts in the last month was highly correlated to PTSD severity (r = .8), and among patients bothered by ghosts in the last month, 85.2% had PTSD, versus among those not so bothered, 15.4%, odds ratio of 31.8 (95% confidence level 11.3-89.3), Chi square = 55.0, p < .001. Ghost visitations occurred in multiple experiential modalities that could be classified into three states of consciousness: full sleep (viz., in dream), hypnagogia, that is, upon falling asleep or awakening (viz., in sleep paralysis [SP] and in non-SP hallucinations), and full waking (viz., in hallucinations, visual aura, somatic sensations [chills or goosebumps], and leg cramps). These ghost visitations gave rise to multiple concerns-for example, of being frightened to death or of having the soul called away-as part of an elaborate cosmology. Several heuristic models are presented including a biocultural model of the interaction of trauma and ghost visitation. An extended case illustrates the article's findings.
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Registered trials
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