ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2020
Cytokine Profile Distinguishes Children With Plasmodium falciparum Malaria From Those With Bacterial Blood Stream Infections.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Elevations in D-dimer levels in patients with Plasmodium infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Developing a clinical prediction model to modify empirical antibiotics for non-typhoidal Salmonella bloodstream infection in children under-five in the Democratic Republic of Congo.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Cerebrospinal fluid cytokines and chemokines exhibit distinct profiles in bacterial meningitis and viral meningitis.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2023Article
- Machine learning and statistical approaches for classification of risk of coronary artery disease using plasma cytokines.BioData mining · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMalaria presents with unspecific clinical symptoms that frequently overlap with other infectious diseases and is also a risk factor for coinfections, such as non-Typhi Salmonella. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests are sensitive but unable to distinguish between an acute infection requiring treatment and asymptomatic malaria with a concomitant infection. We set out to test whether cytokine profiles could predict disease status and allow the differentiation between malaria and a bacterial bloodstream infection.
methodsWe created a classification model based on cytokine concentration levels of pediatric inpatients with either Plasmodium falciparum malaria or a bacterial bloodstream infection using the Luminex platform. Candidate markers were preselected using classification and regression trees, and the predictive strength was calculated through random forest modeling.
resultsAnalyses revealed that a combination of 7-15 cytokines exhibited a median disease prediction accuracy of 88% (95th percentile interval, 73%-100%). Haptoglobin, soluble Fas-Ligand, and complement component C2 were the strongest single markers with median prediction accuracies of 82% (with 95th percentile intervals of 71%-94%, 62%-94%, and 62%-94%, respectively).
conclusionsCytokine profiles possess good median disease prediction accuracy and offer new possibilities for the development of innovative point-of-care tests to guide treatment decisions in malaria-endemic regions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.