ArticleHepatology communications2019
Incidence of and Risk Factors for Hepatic Encephalopathy in a Population-Based Cohort of Americans With Cirrhosis.
Article in Hepatology communications, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07612670 (A Prospective Cohort Study on the Epidemiological Investigation, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy), which is not on this map. Cited by 67 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Prospective Cohort Study on the Epidemiological Investigation, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy
Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of rifaximin in preventing hepatic encephalopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Proton Pump Inhibitors Increases Longitudinal Risk of Mortality, Decompensation, and Infection in Cirrhosis: A Meta-Analysis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Rifaximin for prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Hepatology: Emerging Paradigms in MASLD, Viral Hepatitis, Cholestatic Liver Disease, Portal Hypertension and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Summary of the First Annual Paris International Liver Meeting 2026.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026Review
- The role of ammonia in chronic liver disease.Hepatology communications · 2026Review
- Clinical Challenges in the Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Older Patients with Cirrhosis: A Nationwide Italian Physician-Reported Survey.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Harnessing the power of the gut microbiome: a review of supplementation diagnosis and therapy for liver cirrhosis.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Review
- From Liver to Brain: A 2.5D Deep Learning Model for Predicting Hepatic Encephalopathy Using Opportunistic Non-contrast CT in Hepatitis B Related Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Patients.Journal of imaging informatics in medicine · 2026Article
- A new direction in personalized medicine: multimodal joint prediction of hepatic encephalopathy risk post-TIPS.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Navigating Chronic Pain in Patients with Cirrhosis: Unique Analgesic Considerations and Non-Pharmacologic Options.Current hepatology reports · 2026Review
- A columnar graphical prediction model for hepatic encephalopathy secondary to decompensated cirrhosis in hepatitis B cirrhosis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The Beauty Sleep to Keep a Healthy Liver.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Correlation between systemic inflammatory response syndrome and prognosis of patients with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Predictors of Mortality in Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Retrospective Analysis.Cureus · 2025Article
- Multiple Concomitant Precipitating Factors of Hepatic Encephalopathy Are Associated With a Poor Prognosis in Patients With Cirrhosis Admitted to Intensive Care Unit.United European gastroenterology journal · 2025Article
- Ammonia and beyond - biomarkers of hepatic encephalopathy.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Review
- Sex differences in risk factors for Alzheimer dementia encephalopathy patients.Frontiers in dementia · 2025Article
- The future of clinical trials of gut microbiome therapeutics in cirrhosis.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2025Review
- Systems of care that improve outcomes for people with hepatic encephalopathy.Metabolic brain disease · 2024Review
- Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a devastating complication of cirrhosis. Data are limited regarding the incidence of and risk factors for HE among contemporary patients in the context of the shifting epidemiology of cirrhosis. We examined a 20% random sample of U.S. Medicare enrollees with cirrhosis and Part D prescription coverage from 2008 to 2014. We modelled incident HE using demographic, clinical, and pharmacologic data. Risk factors for HE were evaluated, including demographics/socioeconomics, cirrhosis etiology, severity of liver disease, and pharmacotherapy, along with gastroenterology consultation, as time-varying covariates. Among 166,192 Medicare enrollees with cirrhosis followed for 5.25 (interquartile range [IQR], 2.00-7.00) years, the overall incidence of HE was 11.6 per 100 patient-years. The cohort's median age was 65 years (IQR, 57-72), 31% had alcohol-related cirrhosis, and 49% had likely nonalcoholic fatty liver disease cirrhosis. The two strongest associations with HE were alcohol-related cirrhosis (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40, 1.47, relative to nonalcoholic nonviral cirrhosis) and the presence of portal hypertension (AHR, 3.42; 95% CI, 3.34, 3.50). Adjusting for confounders, benzodiazepines (AHR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.21, 1.27), gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergics (AHR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.14, 1.21), opioids (AHR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.21, 1.27), and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) (AHR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.38, 1.45) were all associated with incident HE. Only benzodiazepines, however, were associated with the risk of hospitalization with HE (incidence-rate ratio, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.20, 1.26).
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.