ArticleKidney international reports2019
Pilot Study of Renal Urinary Biomarkers for Diagnosis of CKD of Uncertain Etiology.
Article in Kidney international reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mass spectrometry-based urinary proteomic analysis in feline chronic kidney disease.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Evaluation of coadministration schedules of rA1M for kidney protection after administration of 177Lu-octreotide.Radiation protection dosimetry · 2025Article
- Application of biomarkers in the diagnosis of kidney disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology: A Global Health Threat in Rural Agricultural Communities-Prevalence, Suspected Causes, Mechanisms, and Prevention Strategies.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2024Review
- Systematic Review of Kidney Injury Biomarkers for the Evaluation of CKD of Uncertain Etiology.Kidney international reports · 2024Article
- Development of a time-resolved immunochromatographic test strip for rapid and quantitative determination of retinol-binding protein 4 in urine.Mikrochimica acta · 2024Article
- Associations of urinary fetuin-A with histopathology and kidney events in biopsy-proven kidney disease.Clinical kidney journal · 2024Article
- Urinary peptidomic liquid biopsy for non-invasive differential diagnosis of chronic kidney disease.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2024Article
- Early Ultrastructural Changes in Biopsies From Patients With Symptomatic CKD of Uncertain Etiology.Kidney international reports · 2023Article
- Article
- The Clinical Significance of Urinary Retinol-Binding Protein 4: A Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Applicability of Novel Urinary Biomarkers for the Assessment of Renal Injury in Selected Occupational Groups in Sri Lanka: A Comparative Study with Conventional Markers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Elevated Serum Retinol Binding Protein 4 is Associated with the Risk of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Association of Beta-2-Microglobulin With Coronary Heart Disease and All-Cause Mortality in the United States General Population.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Urinary concentrations of neonicotinoid insecticides were related to renal tubular dysfunction and neuropsychological complaints in Dry-zone of Sri Lanka.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- A Review of Specific Biomarkers of Chronic Renal Injury and Their Potential Application in Nonclinical Safety Assessment Studies.Toxicologic pathology · 2021Review
- A Systematic Review of Renal Pathology in Chronic Kidney Disease of Uncertain Etiology.Kidney international reports · 2021Article
- Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures and early kidney damage in Mexican indigenous population.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- Optimization of 25% Sulfosalicylic Acid Protein-to-Creatinine Ratio for Screening of Low-Grade Proteinuria.International journal of analytical chemistry · 2021Article
- The Utility of Novel Renal Biomarkers in Assessment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu): A Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionChronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu), an emerging chronic kidney disease (CKD) subtype, contributes to significant morbidity and mortality in certain tropical countries. Although several indicators of CKDu have been previously suggested, sensitive and specific tests to detect early disease or predict disease progression are currently unavailable. This study focused on evaluating 8 renal urinary markers, namely neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM1), cystatin C (CST3), beta 2 microglobulin (B2M), osteopontin (OPN), alpha 1 microglobulin (A1M), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1), and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), with the hypothesis that these have distinct expression patterns in patients with CKDu.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with 5 study groups comprising subjects from CKDu, endemic CKD, nonendemic CKD, and endemic healthy and nonendemic healthy controls. The urinary levels of the 8 selected renal biomarkers were quantified using multiplex biomarker assay, and the data were subjected to systematic analysis using logistic regression algorithm aiming to extract the best marker combination that could distinctly identify the disease groups noninvasively from the healthy controls.
resultsA 3-marker signature panel comprising A1M, KIM1, and RBP4 was identified to represent the best minimum marker combination for differentiating all CKD categories, including CKDu, from healthy controls with an overall sensitivity of ≥0.867 and specificity ≥0.765. The marker combination comprising OPN, KIM1, and RBP4 showed high predictive performance for distinguishing patients with CKDu from patients with CKD with both sensitivity and specificity ≥0.93, which was superior to any existing noninvasive indicator.
conclusionIn all, our systematic evaluation of urinary markers previously linked to CKD, in general, allowed identification of exclusive marker panel combination for early diagnosis and confirmation of CKDu.
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