Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31700995›Full record

ArticleNPJ breast cancer2019

Retinoid X receptor agonist LG100268 modulates the immune microenvironment in preclinical breast cancer models.

Ana S Leal, Kayla Zydeck, Sarah Carapellucci, Lyndsey A Reich, Di Zhang, Jessica A Moerland, Michael B Sporn, Karen T Liby

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ breast cancer, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.0field-weighted citation impact, top 23% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Targeting the RXR Pathway for the Prevention of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026
    Article
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  8. IRX4204 Induces Senescence and Cell Death in HER2-positive Breast Cancer and Synergizes with Anti-HER2 Therapy.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2024
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Ana S Leal1Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA.
Kayla Zydeck1Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA.
Sarah Carapellucci1Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA.
Lyndsey A Reich1Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA.
Di Zhang1Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA.
Jessica A Moerland1Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA.
Michael B Sporn2Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Dartmouth/Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH USA.
Karen T Liby1Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA.
Michigan State University · USDartmouth College · US

Funding

Integrative Training in the Pharmacological SciencesT32GM092715 · NIGMS · MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY · PI NEUBIG, RICHARD R · 2011 to 2020
$1.5M
NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM092715
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite numerous therapeutic advances in the past decade, breast cancer is expected to cause over 42,000 deaths in the United States in 2019. Breast cancer had been considered an immunologically silent tumor; however recent findings suggest that immune cells play important roles in tumor growth even in the breast. Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are a subclass of nuclear receptors that act as ligand-dependent transcription factors that regulate a variety of cellular processes including proliferation and differentiation; in addition, they are essential for macrophage biology. Rexinoids are synthetic molecules that bind and activate RXRs. Bexarotene is the only rexinoid approved by the FDA for the treatment of refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Other more-potent rexinoids have been synthesized, such as LG100268 (LG268). Here, we report that treatment with LG 268, but not bexarotene, decreased infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and CD206-expressing macrophages, increased the expression of PD-L1 by 50%, and increased the ratio of CD8/CD4, CD25 T cells, which correlates with increased cytotoxic activity of CD8 T cells in tumors of MMTV-Neu mice (a model of HER2-positive breast cancer). In the MMTV-PyMT murine model of triple negative breast cancer, LG268 treatment of established tumors prolonged survival, and in combination with anti-PD-L1 antibodies, significantly (

Indexed as

Breast cancerCancer microenvironmentPharmaceuticsTumour immunology

Identifiers

PMID31700995
PMCPMC6825145
OpenAlexW2988200292

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.