ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2019
Neutrophils promote VLA-4-dependent B cell antigen presentation and accumulation within the meninges during neuroinflammation.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Shared Genetic Risk Factors for Multiple Sclerosis/Psoriasis Suggest Involvement of Interleukin-17 and Janus Kinase-Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription Signaling.Annals of neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Immature CD10Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Follicle on the Roof: Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Central Nervous System Autoimmunity.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Central Nervous System Disorders.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Review
- Immune conversations at the border: meningeal immunity in health and disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Single-Cell Profiling Indicates a Proinflammatory Role of Meningeal Ectopic Lymphoid Tissue in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- The Plasticity of Immune Cell Response Complicates Dissecting the Underlying Pathology of Multiple Sclerosis.Journal of immunology research · 2024Review
- Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells Exacerbate Lupus Nephritis by Promoting B Cell Activation in Kidney Ectopic Lymphoid Structures.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Low-density granulocytes in systemic autoimmunity and autoinflammation.Immunological reviews · 2023Review
- Immune cells as messengers from the CNS to the periphery: the role of the meningeal lymphatic system in immune cell migration from the CNS.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- The cerebrospinal fluid immune cell landscape in animal models of multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023Review
- CXCL1/CXCR2 is involved in white matter injury in neonatal rats via the gut-brain axis.BMC neuroscience · 2022Article
- Single cell profiling of CD45Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- A Review of Compartmentalised Inflammation and Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in the Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Antigen-specific depletion of CD4Science immunology · 2022Article
- CD11bJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Article
- Breaching Brain Barriers: B Cell Migration in Multiple Sclerosis.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- The roles of fungus in CNS autoimmune and neurodegeneration disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The success of B cell depletion therapies and identification of leptomeningeal ectopic lymphoid tissue (ELT) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) has renewed interest in the antibody-independent pathogenic functions of B cells during neuroinflammation. The timing and location of B cell antigen presentation during MS and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) remain undefined. Using a new EAE system that incorporates temporal regulation of MHCII expression by myelin-specific B cells, we observed the rapid formation of large B cell clusters in the spinal cord subarachnoid space. Neutrophils preceded the accumulation of meningeal B cell clusters, and inhibition of CXCR2-mediated granulocyte trafficking to the central nervous system reduced pathogenic B cell clusters and disease severity. Further, B cell-restricted very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) deficiency abrogated EAE dependent on B cell antigen presentation. Together, our findings demonstrate that neutrophils coordinate VLA-4-dependent B cell accumulation within the meninges during neuroinflammation, a key early step in the formation of ELT observed in MS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.