Trial reportAmerican journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation2020
Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate in CKD Stages 3 and 4: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Clinical Trial.
Trial report in American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01452412 (Placebo-controlled Randomized Clinical Trial of Alkali Therapy in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 52 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Placebo-controlled Randomized Clinical Trial of Alkali Therapy in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of sodium bicarbonate, cholecalciferol, and protein supplementation interventions on muscle mass and metabolic disturbances in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of oral sodium bicarbonate in kidney-transplant recipients and non-transplant patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of correcting metabolic acidosis on muscle mass and functionality in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of oral alkali drug therapy on clinical outcomes in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Renal failure · 2022Pooled it
- Longitudinal impact of sodium bicarbonate therapy on health-related quality of life in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease with metabolic acidosis: a pragmatic trial in Malaysia.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Trial
- Oral alkalinizing supplementation suppressed intrarenal reactive oxidative stress in mild-stage chronic kidney disease: a randomized cohort study.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2024Trial
- Effects of veverimer on serum bicarbonate and physical function in women with chronic kidney disease and metabolic acidosis: a subgroup analysis from a randomised, controlled trial.BMC nephrology · 2022Trial
- Effect of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on the renin-angiotensin system in patients with chronic kidney disease and acidosis: a randomized clinical trial.Journal of nephrology · 2021Trial
- The efficacy and safety of citrate mixture vs sodium bicarbonate on urine alkalization in Chinese primary gout patients with benzbromarone: a prospective, randomized controlled study.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Uncoupling proximal tubule ammoniagenesis from bicarbonate generation byAmerican journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2026Article
- Effects of proximal tubule NBCe1-A deletion on collecting duct intercalated cell responses to hypokalemia.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2026Article
- Association between serum bicarbonate and low mid-upper arm circumference in patients with non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease: A cross-sectional study.Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · 2026Article
- Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists in Chronic Kidney Disease: Clinical Evidence, Pharmacology, and Drug-Drug Interactions for Personalized Management of Hyperkalemia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Management of hyperkalemia: strategic clinical actions in real-world practice.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2025Review
- Review
- Metabolic Acidosis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, and Treatment-A Narrative Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Lack of a role of NHE4 in renal ammonia metabolism.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2025Article
- Safety and efficacy of sodium bicarbonate for treating metabolic acidosis in chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.World journal of nephrology · 2025Article
- [What is confirmed in the treatment of metabolic acidosis in chronic kidney disease?]Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
RATIONALE &
objectiveMetabolic acidosis associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may contribute to muscle dysfunction and bone disease. We aimed to test whether treatment with sodium bicarbonate improves muscle and bone outcomes. STUDY
designMulticenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. SETTING &
participants149 patients with CKD stages 3 and 4 between July 2011 and April 2016 at 3 centers in Cleveland, OH, and the Bronx, NY.
interventionSodium bicarbonate (0.4 mEq per kg of ideal body weight per day) (n=74) or identical-appearing placebo (n=75). OUTCOMES: Dual primary outcomes were muscle function assessed using sit-to-stand test and bone mineral density. Muscle biopsies were performed at baseline and 2 months. Participants were seen at baseline and 2, 6, 12, and 24 months.
resultsMean baseline serum bicarbonate level was 24.0±2.2 (SD) mEq/L and mean baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate was 36.3±11.2mL/min/1.73m LIMITATIONS: Initial mean serum bicarbonate level was in the normal range.
conclusionsSodium bicarbonate therapy in patients with CKD stages 3 and 4 significantly increases serum bicarbonate and decreases potassium levels. No differences were found in muscle function or bone mineral density between the randomly assigned groups. Larger trials are required to evaluate effects on kidney function.
fundingNational Institutes of Health grant.
trial registrationRegistered at ClinicalTrials.gov with study number NCT01452412.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.