Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31699504›Full record

ArticleVaccine2020

Protection of mice against experimental cryptococcosis using glucan particle-based vaccines containing novel recombinant antigens.

Maureen M Hester, Chrono K Lee, Ambily Abraham, Payam Khoshkenar, Gary R Ostroff, Stuart M Levitz, Charles A Specht

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed
3.4field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. A review of the current anti-New microbes and new infections · 2026
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  8. Peripheral blood CD4The Journal of infection · 2025
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  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Inbred Mouse Models inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Chitosan-Deficient Cryptococcus as Whole-Cell Vaccines.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024
    Article
  19. Immune evasion byFrontiers in immunology · 2024
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Maureen M HesterDepartment of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
Chrono K LeeDepartment of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
Ambily AbrahamProgram in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
Payam KhoshkenarProgram in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
Gary R OstroffProgram in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
Stuart M LevitzDepartment of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. Electronic address: stuart.levitz@umassmed.edu.
Charles A SpechtDepartment of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. Electronic address: charles.specht@umassmed.edu.
University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School · US

Funding

Preclinical studies of a Cryptococcus vaccine for AIDS patientsR01AI125045 · NIAID · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI LEVITZ, STUART MICHAEL, LODGE, JENNIFER K. · 2016 to 2025
$7.1M
ROLE OF MACROPHAGES IN CRYPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONSR01AI025780 · NIAID · UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER · PI LEVITZ, STUART MICHAEL · 1987 to 2019
$7.1M
Chitosan in CryptococcusR01AI072195 · NIAID · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI LODGE, JENNIFER K. · 2008 to 2018
$3.5M
Innate Immunity Training ProgramT32AI095213 · NIAID · UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER · PI SILVERMAN, NEAL · 2011 to 2025
$2.5M
Glucan Particles as a Vaccine Platform for Protective ImmunityR01AI102618 · NIAID · UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER · PI LEVITZ, STUART MICHAEL · 2013 to 2016
$2.1M
Interactions of pDCs with AspergilusR01HL112671 · NHLBI · UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER · PI LEVITZ, STUART MICHAEL · 2013 to 2016
$1.7M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL112671NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI025780NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI072195NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI102618NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI125045NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI095213
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Meningitis due to Cryptococcus neoformans is responsible for upwards of 180,000 deaths worldwide annually, mostly in immunocompromised individuals. Currently there are no licensed fungal vaccines, and even with anti-fungal drug treatment, cryptococcal meningitis is often fatal. Our lab previously demonstrated vaccination with recombinant cryptococcal proteins delivered in glucan particles (GPs) protects mice against an otherwise lethal infection. The aim of the present study was to discover additional cryptococcal antigens affording vaccine-mediated protection. Sixteen proteins, each with evidence of extracellularity, were selected for in vivo testing based on their abundance in protective alkaline extracts of an acapsular C. neoformans strain, their known immunogenicity, and/or their high transcript level during human infection. Candidate antigens were recombinantly expressed in E. coli, purified and loaded into GPs. BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice received three subcutaneous injections of GP-based vaccine, and survival was assessed for 84 days following a lethal orotracheal challenge with strain KN99. As with our six published GP-vaccines, we saw differences in overall protection between mouse strains such that BALB/c mice typically demonstrated better survival than C57BL/6 mice. From these studies, we identified seven new proteins which, when administered as GP-vaccines, protect BALB/c and/or C57BL/6 mice against cryptococcal infection. With these results, we expand the pool of novel protective antigens to eleven proteins and demonstrate the potential for selection of highly transcribed extracellular proteins as vaccine targets. These screens highlight the efficacy of GP-subunit vaccines and identify promising antigens for further testing in anti-cryptococcal, multi-epitope vaccine formulations.

Indexed as

AnimalsAntigens, FungalCryptococcosisCryptococcus neoformansFungal VaccinesGlucansMiceMice, Inbred BALB CMice, Inbred C57BLRecombinant ProteinsSpecies SpecificityAntigens, FungalFungal VaccinesGlucansRecombinant ProteinsAcquired immune deficiency syndromeBALB/c mouseC57BL/6 mouseCryptococcusFungal vaccineT cell vaccine

Identifiers

PMID31699504
PMCPMC6954324
OpenAlexW2985361774

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.