ReviewBMC biology2019
The microbiome of the upper respiratory tract in health and disease.
Review in BMC biology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 255 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
255 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Comparison of Respiratory Microbiomes in Influenza Versus Other Respiratory Infections: Systematic Review and Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- The Role of the Gut and Airway Microbiota in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of the human upper respiratory tract microbiome reveals robust taxonomic associations with health and disease.BMC biology · 2024Pooled it
- The Human Respiratory Microbiome: Current Understandings and Future Directions.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2023Pooled it
- COVID-19 alters human microbiomes: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Pooled it
- Changes in the pharyngeal and nasal microbiota in pediatric patients with adenotonsillar hypertrophy.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Trial
- Effect of intra-partum azithromycin on the development of the infant nasopharyngeal microbiota: A post hoc analysis of a double-blind randomized trial.EBioMedicine · 2022Trial
- A case-control study of the causes of acute respiratory infection among hospitalized patients in Northeastern Laos.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Review
- Insights into Microbiota-Vaccine Crosstalk in Humans: Mechanisms, Modulators, and Translational Horizons.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Sinonasal microbiome remains stable during dupilumab therapy in chronic rhinosinusitis: a pilot study.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- Effects of Seasonality and Air Pollution on the Nasal Microbiota in Healthy Italian Adults.Hygiene and environmental health advances · 2026Article
- Urbanization-Associated Microbial Diversity Loss and Its Impact on Elderly Health: Integrating Environmental and Host Microbiome Dynamics.Environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- The Oral and Nasal Gateway Microbiomes: Salivaomics and Systemic Health at the Airway-Digestive Interface.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Beyond Pathogens: Modulating the Commensal Microbiota to Reshape Immunity for Respiratory Disease Intervention.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The Effects of Smoking on Respiratory Microbiota Diversity and Composition: A Systematic Review with Exploratory Meta-Analysis.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Nasopharyngeal Microbiome Differences Between Children with Hypertrophic Adenoids and Healthy Controls.Biology · 2026Article
- Culturable Nasal Bacteria in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: A Single-Center Observational Pilot Study.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Dual-transcriptomic analysis of human nasal transcriptome and microbiome reveals host-bacteria associations in symptomatic respiratory infection.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Characteristics of Respiratory Microbiome in COPD-A Literature Review.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2026Review
195 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The human upper respiratory tract (URT) offers a variety of niches for microbial colonization. Local microbial communities are shaped by the different characteristics of the specific location within the URT, but also by the interaction with both external and intrinsic factors, such as ageing, diseases, immune responses, olfactory function, and lifestyle habits such as smoking. We summarize here the current knowledge about the URT microbiome in health and disease, discuss methodological issues, and consider the potential of the nasal microbiome to be used for medical diagnostics and as a target for therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.