ArticleNutrients2019
Vegetarian Diets and Medical Expenditure in Taiwan-A Matched Cohort Study.
Article in Nutrients, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03470584 (Vegetarian Diet and Chronic Degenerative Diseases in the Tzu Chi Health Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Vegetarian Diet and Chronic Degenerative Diseases in the Tzu Chi Health Study (TCHS) and the Tzu Chi Vegetarian Study (TCVS)
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does a Plant-Based Diet Stand Out for Its Favorable Composition for Heart Health? Dietary Intake Data from a Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Influence of a Vegan Diet on Child Health and Development: A Scoping Review.Nutrition reviews · 2026Article
- Knowledge and determinants of plant-based diet adoption among healthcare providers in a Buddhist teaching hospital: a cross-sectional study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Vegetarian Diet Reduced Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in a Nationwide Longitudinal Survey in Taiwan.Nutrients · 2024Article
- An unbiased, sustainable, evidence-informed Universal Food Guide: a timely template for national food guides.Nutrition journal · 2024Review
- The incidence, mortality and disease burden of cardiovascular diseases in China: a comparative study with the United States and Japan based on the GBD 2019 time trend analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- Article
- Global evidence of environmental and lifestyle effects on medical expenditures across 154 countries.Preventive medicine reports · 2022Article
- Health and sustainability co-benefits of eating behaviors: Towards a science of dietary eco-wellness.Preventive medicine reports · 2022Review
- Dietary Plant and Animal Protein Sources Oppositely Modulate FecalMicrobiology spectrum · 2022Article
- The risk of urinary tract infection in vegetarians and non-vegetarians: a prospective study.Scientific reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Vegetarian diets and lifestyle have been shown to reduce the risk of many chronic non-communicable diseases, which now accounts for the major global burden of diseases. We aimed to determine the contribution of vegetarian diets and lifestyle to the actual direct medical cost in a population-based study. Through linkage to the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, we compared the health care utilization and medical expenditure of 2166 vegetarians and 4332 age-sex-matched omnivores recruited from the Buddhist Tzu Chi Foundation. Diet and lifestyle questionnaires were self-administered and prospectively collected. We used the general linear model to estimate the 5-year average medical expenditure in vegetarians versus omnivores while adjusting for age, sex, education, exercise habits, smoking, and alcohol drinking. Medical expenses related to non-diet associated lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol drinking, active community volunteering, and religious emotional support) were estimated through a comparison with the published population medical cost data standardized to match the age and sex characteristics of the cohort. Tzu Chi vegetarians had significantly lower outpatient visits. This translated into 13% lower outpatient (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.