Observational studyDrug and alcohol dependence2019
Escalation of drug use in persons dually diagnosed with opioid and cocaine dependence: Gender comparison and dimensional predictors.
Observational study in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Polydrug overdose mortality caused by synthetic opioids and stimulants: current sex- and age-specific trajectories in United States national data for 2018-2024.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Sex and Hormonal Effects on Drug Cue Reactivity and Its Regulation in Human Addiction.Biological psychiatry · 2026Article
- Modeling escalation of drug intake to identify molecular targets for treating substance use disorders: A slippery slope upward.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2025Review
- Sex disparities in outcome of medication-assisted therapy of opioid use disorder: Nationally representative outpatient clinic data.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Observational
- Serum cytokines and inflammatory proteins in individuals with heroin use disorder: potential mechanistically based biomarkers for diagnosis.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Sex disparities in outcome of medication-assisted therapy of opioid use disorder: Nationally representative study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Overdose mortality rates for opioids and stimulant drugs are substantially higher in men than in women: state-level analysis.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Neuroimmune Mechanisms of Opioid Use Disorder and Recovery: Translatability to Human Studies, and Future Research Directions.Neuroscience · 2023Review
- Bidirectional influence of heroin and cocaine escalation in persons with dual opioid and cocaine dependence diagnoses.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Age of onset of heaviest use of cannabis or alcohol in persons with severe opioid or cocaine use disorders.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Observational
- Association of Serotonin Transporter (SERT) Polymorphisms with Opioid Dependence and Dimensional Aspects of Cocaine Use in a Caucasian Cohort of Opioid Users.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2021Article
- Impulsivity across substance use categories: Consideration of sex/gender.Current behavioral neuroscience reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPersons dually diagnosed with opioid and cocaine dependence (OD + CD) present a clinical challenge and are at risk of morbidity and mortality. The time of escalation of heroin and cocaine exposure in persons with OD + CD remain understudied, and the influence of gender and other variables have not been examined. This observational study focused on the time of escalation of heroin and cocaine in volunteers with OD + CD, examining gender and exposure to other drugs (e.g., cannabis or alcohol) as predictors. Ages of first use and of onset of heaviest use of each drug were collected (in whole years). Time of escalation was defined as the interval between age of first use and onset of heaviest use. VOLUNTEERS: sequentially ascertained adult volunteers recruited from the New York Metropolitan area, of which n = 297 were diagnosed with OD + CD.
methodsInstruments administered were the SCID-I diagnostic interview (DSM-IV criteria), BIS-11 impulsiveness scale, and KMSK scales, dimensional measures of maximal exposure to specific drugs.
resultsIn volunteers with OD + CD, ages of onset of heaviest use of cannabis (median age = 15) and alcohol (median age = 19) were in adolescence or emerging adulthood and preceded those for heroin and cocaine (median ages = 26 and 25, respectively). Maximal levels of cannabis and alcohol exposure were high, in volunteers with OD + CD. In adjusted Cox regressions, gender was not a significant predictor of time of heroin or cocaine escalation. However, more rapid time of alcohol escalation was a predictor of more rapid time of escalation of both heroin and cocaine, in volunteers with OD + CD.
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