ArticlePloS one2019
Out-of-pocket expenditure and catastrophic health expenditure for hospitalization due to injuries in public sector hospitals in North India.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hidden out-of-pocket spending on health: A cross-sectional study on underestimation of catastrophic health spending in Vietnam.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
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- Determinants of catastrophic health expenditure: Evidence from a patient survey at public hospitals in the Northern midlands and mountainous areas, Vietnam.Journal of public health research · 2026Article
- Economic burden of typhoid fever by antimicrobial resistance in India: a modelling study 2023.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2026Article
- Adapting the 2025 ERS/EULAR CTD-ILD guidelines for India: A practical perspective.Lung India : official organ of Indian Chest Society · 2026Article
- Out-of-pocket expenditure in patients with isolated traumatic brain injury: a two center cohort study, a preliminary report.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2026Article
- Estimation of out-of-pocket expenditure and catastrophic health expenditure among households of urban areas of Haryana (India).Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2026Article
- Out of Pocket Expenditure among Critical Care Insured Patients Admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Coastal Karnataka, India: A Cross-Sectional Study.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine · 2025Article
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- Catastrophic and impoverishing impacts of health expenditures: a focus on non-communicable diseases in Pokhara Metropolitan City, Nepal.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Out-of-pocket payments & catastrophic healthcare expenditure for non-communicable diseases: Results of a State-wide STEPS survey in north India.The Indian journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Evaluating catastrophic health expenditures among patients with long bone fractures in Ghana's major teaching hospitals: a hospital-based analysis.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Impact of Government-Funded Health Insurance on Out-of-Pocket Expenditure and Quality of Hospital-Based Care in Indian States of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.Applied health economics and health policy · 2024Article
- Examining the factors contributing to a reduction in hardship financing among inpatient households in India.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Do hospitalizations push households into poverty in India: evidence from national data.F1000Research · 2024Article
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- Financial toxicity of cancer treatment in India: towards closing the cancer care gap.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Out-of-pocket health expenditure and associated factors among patients with hypertension in Debre-Tabor Comphrensive Specialized Hospital, South Gondar zone, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInjuries are a major public health problem, resulting in high health care demand and economic burden. They result in loss of disability adjusted life years (DALYs) and high out-of-pocket expenditure. However, there is little evidence on the economic burden of injuries in India. We undertook this study to report out-of-pocket expenditure and the prevalence of catastrophic health expenditure for injuries related hospitalizations in public sector hospitals in North India. Further, we also evaluate the determinants of catastrophic health expenditure. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A prospective observational study was conducted. Participants were recruited from three hospitals for all injury cases. Data were collected via face-to-face baseline interviews and follow-up interviews over the phone at 1, 2, 4 and 12 months post-injury. Prevalence of catastrophic health expenditure (more than 30% of consumption expenditure) and impoverishment (International dollar 1.90) were estimated.
resultsRoad traffic injuries (57%) were the leading cause of injury. Direct out-of-pocket expenditure for hospitalizations was INR 16,768 (USD 263) while indirect productivity loss was INR 8,164 (USD 128). The prevalence of catastrophic expenditure was 22.2% with 12.2% slipping below poverty line. Prevalence of catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment was higher and significantly associated with poorest quintile, tertiary care hospital and increased duration of hospitalization (p< 0.001).
conclusionThe economic impact of injuries is notably high both in terms of out-of-pocket expenditure and productivity loss. A high proportion of households experienced catastrophic expenditure and impoverishment following an injury, highlighting need for programs to prevent injuries.
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