ArticlePloS one2019
More than just availability: Who has access and who administers take-home naloxone in Baltimore, MD.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Multinational appraisal of the epidemiological distribution of opioid fatalities: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- "I'm not going to lay back and watch somebody die": a qualitative study of how people who use drugs' naloxone experiences are shaped by rural risk environment and overdose education/naloxone distribution intervention.Harm reduction journal · 2023Trial
- HCV communication within ego-centric networks of men and women who inject drugs.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Trial
- Trends in overdose experiences and prevention behaviors among people who use opioids in Baltimore, MD, 2017-2019.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Trial
- History of Naloxone Possession Among Rural and Urban Individuals Participating in Prison-Based Treatment: An Observational Study.Substance use & addiction journal · 2026Observational
- Syringe service program utilization, behavioral, and experiential factors associated with greater naloxone protection in a longitudinal cohort of people who use illicit opioids in New York city.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Reciprocal influences between overdose experiences and naloxone access among people who use drugs utilizing a syringe services program: a cross-lagged panel model.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Syringe Service Program Utilization, Behavioral, and Experiential Factors Associated with Greater Naloxone Protection in a Longitudinal Cohort of People Who Use Illicit Opioids in New York City.Research square · 2025Article
- System dynamics modeling to inform implementation of evidence-based prevention of opioid overdose and fatality: A state-level model from the New York HEALing Communities Study.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- "I don't know how you can overdose smoking them:" Perceptions of overdose risks among persons who use illicit fentanyl-laced counterfeit pills.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- People entering opioid substance use treatment have low rates of naloxone knowledge and possession.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Structural and healthcare predictors of substance use-related death following release from incarceration: A retrospective cohort study in Rhode Island, 2018-2020.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- Community-administered naloxone for overdose reversal: The role of sex worker-led programming and occupational violence in a community-based cohort (2018-2024).The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- Regional differences in fatal drug overdose deaths among Black and White individuals in the United States, 2012-2021.The American journal on addictions · 2024Article
- Assessing the reach and engagement with the 'Drugs (Abingdon, England) · 2024Article
- Daily opioid and stimulant co-use and nonfatal overdoses in the context of social disadvantage: Findings on marginalized populations.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2023Article
- Opioid and stimulant attributed treatment admissions and fatal overdoses: Using national surveillance data to examine the intersection of race, sex, and polysubstance use, 1992-2020.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Sweden's first Take-Home Naloxone program: participant characteristics, dose endpoints and predictors for overdose reversals.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2023Article
- Harm reduction behaviors are associated with carrying naloxone among patients on methadone treatment.Harm reduction journal · 2023Article
- Motivation to Carry Naloxone: A Qualitative Analysis of Emergency Department Patients.American journal of health promotion : AJHP · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFatal opioid overdose is a pressing public health concern in the United States. Addressing barriers and augmenting facilitators to take-home naloxone (THN) access and administration could expand program reach in preventing fatal overdoses.
methodsTHN access (i.e., being prescribed or receiving THN) was assessed in a Baltimore, Maryland-based sample of 577 people who use opioids (PWUO) and had a history of injecting drugs. A sub-analysis examined correlates of THN administration among those with THN access and who witnessed an overdose (N = 345). Logistic generalized estimating equations with robust standard errors were used to identify facilitators and barriers to accessing and using THN.
resultsThe majority of PWUO (66%) reported THN access. In the multivariable model, decreased THN access was associated with the fear that a person may become aggressive after being revived with THN (aOR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.35-0.85), police threaten people at an overdose event (aOR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.36-1.00), and insufficient overdose training (aOR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.28-0.68). Enrollment in medication-assisted treatment, personally experiencing an overdose, and graduating from high school were associated with higher access. About half (49%) of PWUO with THN access and who had witnessed an overdose reported having administered THN. THN use was positively associated with "often" or "always" carrying THN (aOR: 3.47, 95% CI: 1.99-6.06), witnessing more overdoses (aOR:5.18, 95% CI: 2.22-12.07), experiencing recent homelessness, and injecting in the past year. THN use was reduced among participants who did not feel that they had sufficient overdose training (aOR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.32-0.96).
conclusionTHN programs must bolster confidence in administering THN and address barriers to use, such as fear of a THN recipient becoming aggressive. Normative change around carrying THN is an important component in an overdose prevention strategy.
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