ArticleActa neuropathologica2020
Structural and functional conservation of non-lumenized lymphatic endothelial cells in the mammalian leptomeninges.
Article in Acta neuropathologica, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Infection control in the brain and the eye.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Review
- Meningeal lymphatic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: molecular mechanisms, clinical implications, and future perspectives.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- The Glymphatic System and Meningeal Lymphatics: Current Understandings and Future Perspectives.MedComm · 2026Review
- Article
- Loss of meningeal lymphatic endothelial cells results in formation of a newly forming vascular network with scavenging function.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Endothelial PROX1 induces blood-brain barrier disruption in the central nervous system.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid draining lymphatics in health and disease: advances and controversies.Nature cardiovascular research · 2025Review
- The sentinel against brain injury post-subarachnoid hemorrhage: efferocytosis of erythrocytes by leptomeningeal lymphatic endothelial cells.Theranostics · 2025Article
- dab2 is required for the scavenging function of lymphatic endothelial cells in the zebrafish meninges.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Endothelial cell transitions in zebrafish vascular development.Development, growth & differentiation · 2024Review
- Meningeal Lymphatics in Central Nervous System Diseases.Annual review of neuroscience · 2024Review
- Epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 drives brain lymphatic endothelial cell development through integrin αvβ3.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Spatial transcriptomic brain imaging reveals the effects of immunomodulation therapy on specific regional brain cells in a mouse dementia model.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- New Insights on Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets of Cerebral Edema.Current neuropharmacology · 2024Review
- Emergence of the brain-border immune niches and their contribution to the development of neurodegenerative diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- The Interplay between Meningeal Lymphatic Vessels and Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases.Current neuropharmacology · 2024Review
- Stuck on you: Meninges cellular crosstalk in development.Current opinion in neurobiology · 2023Review
- Characteristic Features of Deep Brain Lymphatic Vessels and Their Regulation by Chronic Stress.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2023Article
- Lymphatic vasculature in the central nervous system.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The vertebrate CNS is surrounded by the meninges, a protective barrier comprised of the outer dura mater and the inner leptomeninges, which includes the arachnoid and pial layers. While the dura mater contains lymphatic vessels, no conventional lymphatics have been found within the brain or leptomeninges. However, non-lumenized cells called Brain/Mural Lymphatic Endothelial Cells or Fluorescent Granule Perithelial cells (muLECs/BLECs/FGPs) that share a developmental program and gene expression with peripheral lymphatic vessels have been described in the meninges of zebrafish. Here we identify a structurally and functionally similar cell type in the mammalian leptomeninges that we name Leptomeningeal Lymphatic Endothelial Cells (LLEC). As in zebrafish, LLECs express multiple lymphatic markers, containing very large, spherical inclusions, and develop independently from the meningeal macrophage lineage. Mouse LLECs also internalize macromolecules from the cerebrospinal fluid, including Amyloid-β, the toxic driver of Alzheimer's disease progression. Finally, we identify morphologically similar cells co-expressing LLEC markers in human post-mortem leptomeninges. Given that LLECs share molecular, morphological, and functional characteristics with both lymphatics and macrophages, we propose they represent a novel, evolutionary conserved cell type with potential roles in homeostasis and immune organization of the meninges.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.