Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31696313›Full record

ArticleMedical microbiology and immunology2020

A new multi-epitope peptide vaccine induces immune responses and protection against Leishmania infantum in BALB/c mice.

Bahareh Vakili, Navid Nezafat, Bijan Zare, Nasrollah Erfani, Maryam Akbari, Younes Ghasemi, Mohammad Reza Rahbar, Gholam Reza Hatam

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Article in Medical microbiology and immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.3field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  8. Review
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  10. Design of a Multi-Epitope Vaccine Based onInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025
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  19. A multi-epitope vaccine GILE againstFrontiers in immunology · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Bahareh VakiliDepartment of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Navid NezafatPharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Bijan ZareDepartment of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Nasrollah ErfaniInstitute for Cancer Research (ICR), School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Maryam AkbariDepartment of Parasitology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Younes GhasemiDepartment of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. ghasemiy@sums.ac.ir.
Mohammad Reza RahbarPharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Gholam Reza HatamBasic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences · IR

Funding

Shiraz University of Medical Sciences 13435
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a tropical and subtropical disease which is endemic in more than eighty countries around the world. Leishmania infantum is one of the main causative agents of VL disease. Currently, there is no approved-to-market vaccine for VL therapy. In this study, we evaluated cellular and humoral immune responses induced by our newly designed multi-epitope vaccine in BALB/c mice. Four antigenic proteins, including histone H1, sterol 24-c-methyltransferase (SMT), Leishmania-specific hypothetical protein (LiHy), and Leishmania-specific antigenic protein (LSAP) were chosen for the prediction of potential immunodominant epitopes. Moreover, to enhance vaccine immunogenicity, two toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) agonists, resuscitation-promoting factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (RpfE and RpfB), were employed as the built-in adjuvants. Immunization with the designed multi-epitope vaccine elicited a robust Th1-type immune response, compared to other groups, as shown by increased levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IgG2a. Furthermore, a significant decrease was observed in Th-2-type-related cytokines such as IL-4 in immunized mice. The designed construct also induced a significant reduction in parasite load (p < 0.0001), conferring protection against L. infantum challenge. This study could be promising in gaining insight towards the potential of peptide epitope-based vaccines as effective protective approaches against Leishmania species.

Indexed as

ImmunityAnimalsCytokinesDisease Models, AnimalEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayEpitopesFemaleImmunoglobulin GLeishmania infantumLeishmaniasis, VisceralMiceMice, Inbred BALB CParasite LoadVaccines, SubunitCytokinesEpitopesImmunoglobulin GVaccines, SubunitImmune responsesLeishmania infantumMulti-epitope vaccinesVisceral leishmaniasis

Identifiers

PMID31696313
OpenAlexW2983591090

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.