ArticleTranslational vision science & technology2019
Physicochemical Properties of Hyaluronic Acid-Based Lubricant Eye Drops.
Article in Translational vision science & technology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Topical diquafosol versus hyaluronic acid for the treatment of dry eye disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of high and low molecular weight sodium hyaluronic acid eye drops on corneal recovery after crosslinking in keratoconus patients.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2025Trial
- Safety and Efficacy of a Preservative-Free Artificial Tear Containing Carboxymethylcellulose and Hyaluronic Acid for Dry Eye Disease: A Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter 3-Month Study.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Trial
- Sodium Alginate-Based Submucosal Lifting Hydrogel for Endoscopic Mucosal Resection and Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Interactions of Mucomimetic Polymers and Meibomian Surface Films upon Exposure to Environmental Stressors.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- A National Survey Including Data from 5986 Dry Eyes Treated with a Novel Tear Substitute Containing Ribohyal.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Model of ocular surface ion and water transport predicts efficacy of dry eye therapeutics.The Journal of general physiology · 2026Article
- Development of hyaluronic acid-based nanocomposite eye drops: A synergistic platform for enhanced ocular delivery of acetazolamide.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Article
- A Randomized Multicenter Study Comparing Low-Viscosity with Comparator 0.3% Hyaluronic Acid for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- An In Vitro Evaluation of the Effect and Protection of Artificial Tear Formulations on Human Corneal Epithelial Cells in Normal and Dry Eye Disease States.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Shear-Stress-Dependent Viscous Properties of Hyaluronic-Based Lubricants.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Advances in nanomedicine-based retinal drug delivery: mechanisms and translational applications.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Impact of Lid Wipes and Tear Substitutes on Symptoms and Signs of Ocular Surface Disease After Cataract Surgery-A Real-Life Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Dry Eye Syndrome as a Potential Sequel of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux: Shared Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.Maedica · 2025Review
- The Impact of Comfort Eluting Agents and Replacement Frequency on Enhancing Contact Lens Performance.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Review
- Ophthalmic Formulations for the Treatment of Allergic Conjunctivitis and Their Effect on the Ocular Surface: A Review of Safety and Tolerability Assessments in Clinical Trials.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Overview of 37 Tear Substitutes in Europe Based on Various Physicochemical Parameters.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Two Artificial Tears Containing Hyaluronic Acid for Post Cataract Surgery Dry Eye Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2024Article
- Review
- The Mid-Term Effect of Preservative-Free Artificial Tears Containing Hyaluronic Acid on Dry Eye Incidence after Cataract Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo assess the physicochemical properties of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based artificial tears.
methodsThe average molecular weight (MW) and polydispersion index (PDI) of HA in 18 commercially available artificial tears were determined by light scattering/high-performance liquid chromatography. Osmolality, pH, viscosity, and sodium concentration were determined using an osmometer, pH meter, rheometer, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, respectively.
resultsThe MW of HA varied considerably between formulations. The PDI was >2.0 in two formulations (2.28 and 4.94), suggesting the presence of a copolymer and/or HA size variability. Three formulations exhibited viscosity exceeding the blur threshold at different shear rates. Viscosity at low shear rates was generally highest in formulations containing high-MW HA. Correlations were found between observed viscosity and a predictive/calculated value, except for four copolymer-containing formulations, and osmolality (range, 154-335 mOsm/kg) and sodium concentration (range, 22-183 mM), with two exceptions. Compared with organic osmolytes, adding sodium decreased viscosity, particularly at lower shear rates.
conclusionsIn the context of the literature, our findings suggest that for most patients with dry eye disease, the ideal HA-based artificial tear should include high-MW HA with a low PDI and exhibit enhanced viscosity at low shear rate (without exceeding the blur threshold). The inclusion of synergistic copolymers and a low sodium concentration may increase viscosity, but whether any of these physicochemical properties or correlations can predict clinical efficacy will require further investigation. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: Understanding the properties of HA-based artificial tears will support the development of unique formulations that target specific ocular surface conditions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.