ReviewTheranostics2019
STING activation in cancer immunotherapy.
Review in Theranostics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 132 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
132 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 247 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognostic significance of STING expression in solid tumor: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- cGAS in nucleus: The link between immune response and DNA damage repair.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Engineered Peptide Self-Assembled Nanofibers for Enhanced STING Activation: A Promising Nanodelivery Platform for Immunotherapy of Pediatric Solid Tumors.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- The cGAS-STING pathway: mechanistic basis, dual biological functions and translational therapeutic advances.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Review
- Engineered GLUT1-targeted STING polyproagonists: Redox-triggered activation and enhanced endosomal escape for cancer immunotherapy.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Article
- Engineering cuproptosis with nanomedicine: Design, combination therapy, and translation in cancer.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- ATP-fueled STING activation of manganese coordinated nanoagonist to boost antitumor immunity.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Context-dependent actions of STING pathway in colitis and associated colon cancer.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- Molecular mechanisms regulating cGAS/STING activation in health and disease.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Dual-targeted manganese-doped carbon dots activate the cGAS-STING pathway and immunogenic cell death for potent glioblastoma immunotherapy.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Mechanisms and Applications of Manganese-Based Materials in Tumor Immunotherapy.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Lipid nanoparticle-mediated co-delivery of IL-33 mRNA and STING agonist modulates the breast cancer microenvironment and potentiates immunotherapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- A unique Z-shaped tetramer mediates the autoinhibition of waterfowl STING.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Precision targeting of STING: Challenges, innovations, and clinical outlook for cancer therapy.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2026Review
- Light Metabolically Reprograms CD8Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- STING agonism in brain tumours: mechanisms, challenges, and therapeutic advances.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Senescence-associated and immune-related 9p21.3 locus genes in colorectal cancer: epigenetic architecture, molecular landscape and therapeutic possibilities.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Metabolically hijacked Listeria monocytogenes synergizes STING activation and dual cell death for enhanced antitumor immunotherapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Macromolecular Diamidobenzimidazole Conjugates Can Activate Stimulator of Interferon Genes.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025Article
- Tumor cells upregulate CCL22 in a STING-dependent manner in response to paracrine factors released by STING-activated myeloid cells and type I interferons.ImmunoHorizons · 2025Article
72 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy modulates and leverages the host immune system to treat cancer. The past decade has witnessed historical advancement of cancer immunotherapy. A myriad of approaches have been explored to elicit or augment anticancer innate immunity and/or adaptive immunity. Recently, activation of stimulator of interferon (IFN) genes (STING), an intracellular receptor residing in the endoplasmic reticulum, has shown great potential to enhance antitumor immunity through the induction of a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including type I IFNs. A number of natural and synthetic STING agonists have been discovered or developed, and tested in preclinical models and in the clinic for the immunotherapy of diseases such as cancer and infectious diseases. Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), such as cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP), cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP), and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), are a class of STING agonists that can elicit immune responses. However, natural CDNs are hydrophilic small molecules with negative charges and are susceptible to enzymatic degradation, leading to low bioavailability in target tissues yet unwanted toxicities and narrow therapeutic windows. Drug delivery systems, coupled with nucleic acid chemistry, have been exploited to address these challenges. Here, we will discuss the underlying immunological mechanisms and approaches to STING activation, with a focus on the delivery of STING agonists, for cancer immunotherapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.