ArticleClinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology2019
A novel method for evaluating sun visible light protection factor and pigmentation protection factor of sunscreens.
Article in Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Visible Light-Induced Pigmentation: Improved In Vivo Methodology for Measuring Efficacy of 30 Products in 9 Randomised Controlled Trials and Correlation With In Vitro Assessment.Experimental dermatology · 2025Trial
- The Influence of Sunscreen Use on Skin Pigmentation Disorders: Melasma, Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation, and Vitiligo.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Beyond Melanin: A Literature Review of Photoprotection Mechanisms and Gaps in Skin of Color.Cureus · 2026Review
- New developments in sunscreens.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2023Review
- The Damaging Effects of Long UVA (UVA1) Rays: A Major Challenge to Preserve Skin Health and Integrity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Yellow Chaste Weed and Its Components, Apigenin and Galangin, Affect Proliferation and Oxidative Stress in Blue Light-Irradiated HaCaT Cells.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Photoprotection according to skin phototype and dermatoses: practical recommendations from an expert panel.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2021Review
- Violet-blue light exposure of the skin: is there need for protection?Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2021Article
- Visible light. Part II: Photoprotection against visible and ultraviolet light.Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2021Review
- Iron oxides in novel skin care formulations attenuate blue light for enhanced protection against skin damage.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2021Article
- Sunscreen lotions in the dermatological prescription: review of concepts and controversies.Anais brasileiros de dermatologiaReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe role of visible light (VL) in the process of skin pigmentation by solar radiation has been demonstrated. Sunscreens with the presence of pigments, particularly iron oxide (IO), have a greater protective effect against VL and are, therefore, highly recommended for prevention and treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders. This study aimed to evaluate 33 sunscreen formulations, and through spectrophotometric measurements, proposes new methods to evaluate the VL protection factor and the pigmentation protection factor.
methods33 sunscreen formulations marketed in Brazil were evaluated, including 17 products containing pigments and 16 products with no pigments. Spectrophotometric measurements were taken to determine solar VL protection factor and the pigmentation protection factor, based on the absorption curve of the product, the pigmentation action spectrum and sun spectrum.
resultsSunscreen with pigments presented a higher solar VL protection factor and pigmentation protection factor compared to products without pigment. The statistical analysis showed a strong correlation between the solar VL protection factor and the integral of the absorption curve in the VL range and the transmittance reduction (%) in the same range. The correlation between the VL protection factor and the pigmentation protection factor was also demonstrated.
conclusionThe VL protection factor and the pigmentation protection factor showed to be adequate metrics to estimate the effectiveness of sunscreens in the prevention of the pigmentary effect of solar VL and the pigmentary effect of the complete spectrum of immediate pigmentation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.