ArticleCells2019
Regulation of RXR-RAR Heterodimers by RXR- and RAR-Specific Ligands and Their Combinations.
Article in Cells, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Evolution of Topical Retinoids in Dermatology: A Cornerstone of Acne Management (1971-2025).The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology · 2026Review
- Retinoic Acid Signaling in Male Reproductive Biology: From Germ Cell Regulation to Contraceptive Innovation Within a One Health Framework.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Retinoid-X receptor action and disruption in development.Developmental biology · 2026Review
- Epithelial sensing of vitamin A shapes intestinal antimicrobial defense.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Endocrine-disrupting chemicals as prostate carcinogens.Nature reviews. Urology · 2025Review
- Anti-DNA Damage Mechanisms and the Role of Carotenoids, Vitamin A, and Its Derivatives.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Retinoic Acid-Induced Transglutaminase 2 Expression Reduces Sensitivity to Cisplatin in the Hormone-Positive MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Role of Nuclear Receptors on the Progression of Multiple Sclerosis: A Review.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Targeting AFP-RARβ complex formation: a potential strategy for treating AFP-positive hepatocellular carcinoma.Molecular diversity · 2025Article
- A Narrative Overview of Retinoid X Receptor Inhibitors in Chronic Disease Management.Current drug research reviews · 2025Review
- Bexarotene signaling in human B and T lymphocytes induces gut-homing receptor expression.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- PbsNRs: predict the potential binders and scaffolds for nuclear receptors.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2024Article
- Effects of Different Levels of Antarctic Krill Oil on the Ovarian Development ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Unveiling the role of RARs in stomach adenocarcinoma: clinical implications and prognostic biomarkers.Translational cancer research · 2024Article
- Beneficial Effects ofNutrients · 2024Review
- Reticulated Retinoic Acid Synthesis is Implicated in the Pathogenesis of Dry Eye in Aqp5 Deficiency Mice.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Review
- Retinoids and EZH2 inhibitors cooperate to orchestrate anti-oncogenic effects on bladder cancer cells.Cancer gene therapy · 2024Article
- History of Developing Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Treatment and Role of Promyelocytic Leukemia Bodies.Cancers · 2024Review
- Transforming Growth Factor Beta and Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Challenge of Tumor Differentiation and Chemotherapy Response.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The three subtypes (α, β, and γ) of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) are ligand-dependent transcription factors that mediate retinoic acid signaling by forming heterodimers with the retinoid X receptor (RXR). Heterodimers are functional units that bind ligands (retinoids), transcriptional co-regulators and DNA, to regulate gene networks controlling cell growth, differentiation, and death. Using biochemical, crystallographic, and cellular approaches, we have set out to explore the spectrum of possibilities to regulate RXR-RAR heterodimer-dependent transcription through various pharmacological classes of RAR- and RXR- specific ligands, alone or in combination. We reveal the molecular details by which these compounds direct specificity and functionality of RXR-RAR heterodimers. Among these ligands, we have reevaluated and improved the molecular and structural definition of compounds CD2665, Ro41-5253, LE135, or LG100754, highlighting novel functional features of these molecules. Our analysis reveals a model of RXR-RAR heterodimer action in which each subunit retains its intrinsic properties in terms of ligand and co-regulator binding. However, their interplay upon the combined action of RAR- and RXR-ligands allows for the fine tuning of heterodimer activity. It also stresses the importance of accurate ligand characterization to use synthetic selective retinoids appropriately and avoid data misinterpretations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.