ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2019
The Alanine World Model for the Development of the Amino Acid Repertoire in Protein Biosynthesis.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Combined effect of microbial and non-microbial biostimulants on wheat growth, yield, and grain nutritional quality under sandy soil conditions.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Synthetic Mirror Bacteria as a Frontier for Chiral Synthetic Biology and Biocontainment.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Review
- Insight into Protein Engineering: FromCurrent pharmaceutical design · 2025Review
- Computational prediction for the formation of amides and thioamides in the gas phase interstellar medium.Frontiers in chemistry · 2025Article
- Graph masked self-distillation learning for prediction of mutation impact on protein-protein interactions.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Genome-wide association study of cassava brown streak disease resistance in cassava germplasm conserved in South America.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Triphasic Development of the Genetic Code.Chemical reviews · 2024Review
- Breaking the Degeneracy of Sense Codons - How Far Can We Go?Israel journal of chemistry · 2024Article
- Evolution of Pyrrolysyl-tRNA Synthetase: From Methanogenesis to Genetic Code Expansion.Chemical reviews · 2024Review
- Xenobiology for the Biocontainment of Synthetic Organisms: Opportunities and Challenges.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Secondary Amine Catalysis in Enzyme Design: Broadening Protein Template Diversity through Genetic Code Expansion.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2024Article
- Metabolomics analysis reveals novel serum metabolite alterations in cancer cachexia.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Protein structure prediction with in-cell photo-crosslinking mass spectrometry and deep learning.Nature biotechnology · 2023Article
- Orthogonal translation with 5-cyanotryptophan as an infrared probe for local structural information, electrostatics, and hydrogen bonding.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2023Article
- Screening for Primordial RNA-Peptide Interactions Using High-Density Peptide Arrays.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- On the Evolutionary History of the Twenty Encoded Amino Acids.Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2022Review
- Efficient Oligomerization of Aromatic Amino Acids Induced by Gaps in Four-Helix Bundles of DNA or RNA.Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2022Article
- Genome Evolution from Random Ligation of RNAs of Autocatalytic Sets.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- The Combinatorial Fusion Cascade to Generate the Standard Genetic Code.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Biochemistry of fluoroprolines: the prospect of making fluorine a bioelement.Beilstein journal of organic chemistry · 2021Review
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2 authors.
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Abstract
A central question in the evolution of the modern translation machinery is the origin and chemical ethology of the amino acids prescribed by the genetic code. The RNA World hypothesis postulates that templated protein synthesis has emerged in the transition from RNA to the Protein World. The sequence of these events and principles behind the acquisition of amino acids to this process remain elusive. Here we describe a model for this process by following the scheme previously proposed by Hartman and Smith, which suggests gradual expansion of the coding space as GC-GCA-GCAU genetic code. We point out a correlation of this scheme with the hierarchy of the protein folding. The model follows the sequence of steps in the process of the amino acid recruitment and fits well with the co-evolution and coenzyme handle theories. While the starting set (GC-phase) was responsible for the nucleotide biosynthesis processes, in the second phase alanine-based amino acids (GCA-phase) were recruited from the core metabolism, thereby providing a standard secondary structure, the α-helix. In the final phase (GCAU-phase), the amino acids were appended to the already existing architecture, enabling tertiary fold and membrane interactions. The whole scheme indicates strongly that the choice for the alanine core was done at the GCA-phase, while glycine and proline remained rudiments from the GC-phase. We suggest that the Protein World should rather be considered the Alanine World, as it predominantly relies on the alanine as the core chemical scaffold.
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