ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2019
Peptide Epitope Hot Spots of CD4 T Cell Recognition Within Influenza Hemagglutinin During the Primary Response to Infection.
Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- The role of T cells in influenza infection and vaccination.Virologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Conformational bias in SARS-CoV-2 Spike CD4+ T-cell epitope dominance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Correlative CD4 and CD8 T-cell immunodominance in humans and mice: Implications for preclinical testing.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2023Article
- Structural Framework for Analysis of CD4+ T-Cell Epitope Dominance in Viral Fusion Proteins.Biochemistry · 2023Review
- Article
- LAG-3 Contribution to T Cell Downmodulation during Acute Respiratory Viral Infections.Viruses · 2023Review
- CD4 T cell epitope abundance in ferritin core potentiates responses to hemagglutinin nanoparticle vaccines.NPJ vaccines · 2022Article
- A single-shot adenoviral vaccine provides hemagglutinin stalk-mediated protection against heterosubtypic influenza challenge in mice.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2022Article
- Influenza Virus and Vaccination.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Antibodies specific for the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza virus are critical for protective immunity to infection. Our studies show that CD4 T cells specific for epitopes derived from HA are the most effective in providing help for the HA-specific B cell responses to infection and vaccination. In this study, we asked whether HA epitopes recognized by CD4 T cells in the primary response to infection are equally distributed across the HA protein or if certain segments are enriched in CD4 T cell epitopes. Mice that collectively expressed eight alternative MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) class II molecules, that would each have different peptide binding specificities, were infected with an H1N1 influenza virus. CD4 T cell peptide epitope specificities were identified by cytokine EliSpots. These studies revealed that the HA-specific CD4 T cell epitopes cluster in two distinct regions of HA and that some segments of HA are completely devoid of CD4 T cell epitopes. When located on the HA structure, it appears that the regions that most poorly recruit CD4 T cells are sequestered within the interior of the HA trimer, perhaps inaccessible to the proteolytic machinery inside the endosomal compartments of antigen presenting cells.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.