ArticlePloS one2019
Comorbidities and costs in HIV patients: A retrospective claims database analysis in Germany.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Need for Medication Review and Deprescribing in People Living with HIV: A Longitudinal Observational Study.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Burden of comorbid disease, treatment, and healthcare utilization among people with HIV: A retrospective, cross-sectional study from a large healthcare organization.Epidemiology and infection · 2026Article
- Healthcare Resource Consumption and Related Costs of People Living with HIV and Antiviral Treatment: A Retrospective Observational Study in Italy.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Resource Use and Cost Associated With Cardiovascular, Renal, Bone, and Neuropsychiatric Comorbidities in People With HIV in Spain.Journal of health economics and outcomes research · 2025Article
- Article
- Preclinical toxicity analyses of lentiviral vectors expressing the HIV-1 LTR-specific designer-recombinase Brec1.PloS one · 2024Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Treatment With Antiretroviral Therapy Mitigates the High Risk of Mental Health Disorders Associated With HIV Infection in the US Population.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- HIV Promotes Atherosclerosis via Circulating Extracellular Vesicle MicroRNAs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Profile of Newly Diagnosed Patients with HIV Infection in North-Eastern Romania.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- The impact of lookback windows on the prevalence and incidence of chronic diseases among people living with HIV: an exploration in administrative health data in Canada.BMC medical research methodology · 2022Article
- Recreational Exercising and Self-Reported Cardiometabolic Diseases in German People Living with HIV: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- The burden of non-communicable diseases and mortality in people living with HIV (PLHIV) in the pre-, early- and late-HAART era.HIV medicine · 2021Article
- Added socioeconomic burden of non-communicable disease on HIV/AIDS affected households in the Asia Pacific region: A systematic review.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2021Article
- Dual therapy with raltegravir plus a fixed dose combination of darunavir/ritonavir in people living with HIV in Argentina.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2021Article
- Article
- Exercise, Comorbidities, and Health-Related Quality of Life in People Living with HIV: The HIBES Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Chronic Diseases Multimorbidity among Adult People Living with HIV at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia.International journal of chronic diseases · 2020Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with hyperuricemia among people living with HIV in Uganda: a cross-sectional study at a tertiary hospital in Uganda.Therapeutic advances in infectious diseaseArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) are at high risk of developing non-HIV related comorbidities, particularly at older ages. In a retrospective claims database analysis, we compared PLHIV to a matched, non-HIV cohort to assess the prevalence of comorbidities and healthcare costs in PLHIV and the general non-HIV population in Germany. In total, 2,132 adult patients with HIV were identified in the InGef research database with HIV ICD-10 diagnosis within each year from 2011 to 2014. Of these, 1,969 could be matched to a control cohort of 3,938 individuals (1:2 ratio). Matching criteria included age, gender and socio-economic variables. The prevalence of acute renal disease (0.5% vs. 0.2%, p = 0.045), bone fractures due to osteoporosis (6.4% vs. 2.1%, p<0.001), chronic renal disease (4.3% vs. 2.4%, p<0.001), cardiovascular disease (12.8% vs. 10.4%, p = 0.006), Hepatitis B (5.9% vs. 0.3%, p<0.001) and Hepatitis C infection (8.8% vs. 0.3%, p<0.001) was significantly higher in PLHIV compared to the matched non-HIV cohort. Mean costs excluding costs for antiretroviral therapy (ART) were significantly higher in the HIV cohort (8,049€ vs. 3,658€, p<0.05). On average, PLHIV incurred excess costs of 16,441€ for ART, 2,747€ for pharmaceuticals excluding ART (p<0.05), 1,441€ for outpatient care (p<0.05) and 321€ for inpatient care (p<0.05). Devices and remedies' costs were significantly higher in the control cohort with excess costs of 113€ (p<0.05). Considering mean total costs, excluding ART, excess costs for PLHIV amounted to 8,049€ (p<0.05). This analysis demonstrated an increased comorbidity and economic burden of PLHIV compared to matched controls. Our findings suggest that HIV remains an area of high unmet medical need. To improve patient outcomes, adequate HIV management including regular monitoring, screening for comorbidities and optimal ART selection throughout the life course of PLHIV are of key importance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.