Observational studyPloS one2019
Diagnosis and treatment of acute respiratory illness in children under five in primary care in low-, middle-, and high-income countries: A descriptive FRESH AIR study.
Observational study in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT05195866 (Using the CRP Test in Children Under 12 Years With Respiratory Symptoms in Kyrgyz Republic), which is not on this map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Using the CRP Test in Children Under 12 Years With Respiratory Symptoms in Kyrgyz Republic
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Antibiotic prescription practices in primary care in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of a comprehensive antibiotic stewardship program on antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory infections in rural facilities: a cluster randomized trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- Childhood asthma in Uganda: experiences of healthcare providers and caregivers in diagnosis and management. A FRESH AIR qualitative study.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- Effects of environment and globalization on the double and triple burdens of infection symptoms among under-five children across low-middle income countries using machine learning algorithms.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2025Article
- C-reactive protein testing in primary care and antibiotic use in children with acute respiratory tract infections in Kyrgyzstan: an open-label, individually randomised, controlled trial.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2025Article
- Burden of neonatal pneumonia and risk factors for severe disease in low - and middle - income country.Le infezioni in medicina · 2025Article
- BREASTFEEDING AND ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION (ARI) IN INFANTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW IN NIGERIA.Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine · 2024Review
- Three-Stage Framework for Accurate Pediatric Chest X-ray Diagnosis Using Self-Supervision and Transfer Learning on Small Datasets.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Factors of acute respiratory infection among under-five children across sub-Saharan African countries using machine learning approaches.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Investigating neighbourhood environmental risk factors associated with childhood acute respiratory infection symptoms in Ethiopia mixed effect and multilevel logistic regression analysis based on EDHS 2016.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Levelling the learning ground for healthcare professionals across the world through SIMBA: a mixed-methods study.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Article
- Performance and usability of a new mobile application for measuring respiratory rate in young children with acute lower respiratory infections.Pediatric pulmonology · 2022Observational
- Understanding the rural-urban disparity in acute respiratory infection symptoms among under-five children in Sub-Saharan Africa: a multivariate decomposition analysis.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Annual burden of disease in Nakaale, Karamoja: A descriptive, cross-sectional study.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Appropriateness of Care for Common Childhood Infections at Low-Level Private Health Facilities in a Rural District in Western Uganda.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Article
- Capacity to provide care for common childhood infections at low-level private health facilities in Western, Uganda.PloS one · 2021Article
- No time for change? Impact of contextual factors on the effect of training primary care healthcare workers in Kyrgyzstan and Vietnam on how to manage asthma in children - A FRESH AIR implementation study.BMC health services research · 2020Article
- Integrated Diagnosis in Africa's Low- and Middle-Income Countries: What Is It, What Works, and for Whom? A Realist Synthesis.International journal of integrated careArticle
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRespiratory disease and, specifically, pneumonia, is the major cause of mortality and morbidity in young children. Diagnosis of both pneumonia and asthma in primary care rests principally on clinical signs, history taking, and bronchodilator responsiveness. This study aimed to describe clinical practices in diverse global primary care settings concerning differential diagnosis of respiratory disease in young children, especially between pneumonia and asthma.
methodsHealth professionals in Greece, Kyrgyzstan, Vietnam, and Uganda were observed during consultations with children aged 2-59 months, presenting with cough and/or difficult breathing. Data were analyzed descriptively and included consultation duration, practices, diagnoses and availability/use of medications and equipment. The study is part of the European Horizon 2020 FRESH AIR project.
resultsIn total, 771 consultations by 127 health professionals at 74 facilities in the four countries were observed. Consultations were shorter in Vietnam and Uganda (3 to 4 minutes) compared to Greece and Kyrgyzstan (15 to 20 minutes). History taking was most comprehensive in Greece. Clinical examination was more comprehensive in Vietnam and Kyrgyzstan and less in Uganda. Viral upper respiratory tract infections were the most common diagnoses (41.7% to 67%). Pneumonia was diagnosed frequently in Uganda (16.3% of children), and rarely in other countries (0.8% to 2.9%). Asthma diagnosis was rare (0% to 2.8%). Antibiotics were prescribed frequently in all countries (32% to 69%). Short acting β-agonist trials were seldom available and used during consultations in Kyrgyzstan (0%) and Uganda (1.8%), and often in Greece (38.9%) and Vietnam (12.6%).
conclusionsDuration and comprehensiveness of clinical consultations observed in this study seemed insufficient to guide respiratory diagnosis in young children. Appropriate treatment options may further not be available in certain studied settings. Actions aiming at educating and raising professional awareness, along with developing easy-to-use tools to support diagnosis and a general strengthening of health systems are important goals.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.