ArticleHandbook of experimental pharmacology2021
The Use of Botulinum Toxin for Treatment of Depression.
Article in Handbook of experimental pharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- The complement C3-microglial axis in depression of Parkinson's disease: from mechanism to therapeutic intervention.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- A dual-stream temporal attention LSTM with visual feature enhancement for depression screening in incarcerated populations.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Efficacy of Facial Botulinum Toxin A Injections in Alleviating Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease Patients: An Open-Label, Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- On the Role of Sensorimotor Experience in Facial Expression Perception.Journal of cognitive neuroscience · 2024Review
- Exploring New and Potential Indications for Botulinum Toxin Treatment: An Updated Literature Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- A Critical View on New and Future Antidepressants.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Review
- Review
- Applying the MD Codes™ to Treat Emotional and Social Attributes with HA Fillers: A Retrospective Serial Case Study.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2023Article
- Neurotoxins Acting at Synaptic Sites: A Brief Review on Mechanisms and Clinical Applications.Toxins · 2022Review
- Botulinum Neurotoxin Therapy for Depression: Therapeutic Mechanisms and Future Perspective.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A series of clinical studies have shown that botulinum toxin can treat major depression. Subjects suffering from unipolar depression may experience a quick, strong, and sustained improvement in the symptoms of depression after a single glabellar treatment with botulinum toxin.Preliminary data suggest that botulinum toxin therapy may also be effective in the treatment of other mental disorders characterized by an excess of negative emotions, such as borderline personality disorder.The mood-lifting effect of botulinum toxin therapy is probably mediated by the interruption of a proprioceptive feedback loop from the facial musculature to the emotional brain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.