ReviewGlia2020
Microglia and sexual differentiation of the developing brain: A focus on extrinsic factors.
Review in Glia, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Sickness and the Social Brain: Love in the Time of COVID.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Neonatal estradiol influences regional gene expression for early sex-specific inflammatory responses in the 5xFAD mouse model.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Impact of sex differences on microglial function in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Review
- Fetal developmental trajectories following maternal immune activation are shaped by sex chromosome-gonadal interactions.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- A mother's touch: microbial guardians of early immune imprinting.Trends in immunology · 2026Review
- Microglia as critical mediators linking perinatal immune stress to mental health trajectories.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- High intellectual ability and the gut-brain-sex steroids axis: a perspective on cognitive and emotional diversity.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Integrated Multi-Omics Profiling Identifies CD84-Associated Microglial Alterations in Focal Cortical Dysplasia Type II.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease and related sex differences.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Microglial interferon signaling and Aβ plaque pathology are enhanced in female 5xFAD Alzheimer's disease mice, independent of estrous cycle stage.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Neural Progenitor Cell- and Developing Neuron-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Differentially Modulate Microglial Activation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Neonatal estradiol and early adversity interact to modify basolateral amygdala morphology and adult behavior in female rats.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- Transient impairment in microglial function causes sex-specific deficits in synaptic maturity and hippocampal function in mice exposed to early adversity.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2024Article
- Microglial responses to inflammatory challenge in adult rats altered by developmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls in a sex-specific manner.Neurotoxicology · 2024Article
- Neonatal Chlamydia muridarum respiratory infection causes neuroinflammation within the brainstem during the early postnatal period.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- A P2RY12 deficiency results in sex-specific cellular perturbations and sexually dimorphic behavioral anomalies.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Synaptic pruning during adolescence shapes adult social behavior in both males and females.Developmental psychobiology · 2024Article
- Transient Impairment in Microglial Function Causes Sex-Specific Deficits in Synaptic and Hippocampal Function in Mice Exposed to Early Adversity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Deplete and repeat: microglial CSF1R inhibition and traumatic brain injury.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Brain growth until adolescence after a neonatal focal injury: sex related differences beyond lesion effect.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain, have recently been removed from the position of mere sentinels and promoted to the role of active sculptors of developing circuits and cells. Alongside their functions in normal brain development, microglia coordinate sexual differentiation of the brain, a set of processes which vary by region and endpoint like that of microglia function itself. In this review, we highlight the ways microglia are both targets and drivers of brain sexual differentiation. We examine the factors that may drive sex differences in microglia, with a special focus on how changing microenvironments in the developing brain dictate microglia phenotypes and discuss how their diverse functions sculpt lasting sex-specific changes in the brain. Finally, we consider how sex-specific early life environments contribute to epigenetic programming and lasting sex differences in microglia identity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.