ArticleJournal of veterinary internal medicine2020
Facial changes related to brachycephaly in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with Chiari-like malformation associated pain and secondary syringomyelia.
Article in Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Owner Observed Sleep Disturbances in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with and Without Clinical Signs Compatible with a Chiari-like Malformation.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Deep learning for stenotic nares classification in brachycephalic dogs.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Moving from information and collaboration to action: report from the 5th International Dog Health Workshop in Helsinki, June 2024.Companion animal health and genetics · 2025Review
- Clinical predictors of syringomyelia in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with chiari-like malformation based on owners' observations.Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · 2024Article
- A data driven approach for soft tissue biomarker identification linked to Chiari-like malformation and syringomyelia.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- CT-based and manual external skull measurements for Chiari-like malformation and syringomyelia in Pomeranians.PloS one · 2024Article
- The effect of MRI-based screening and selection on the prevalence of syringomyelia in the Dutch and Danish Cavalier King Charles Spaniels.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Longitudinal assessment of syringomyelia in Pomeranians.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Phenotypic characterization of Pomeranians with or without Chiari-like malformation and syringomyelia.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Biopsy and histologic findings of the dura mater at the level of the foramen magnum in 121 CKCS with Chiari-like malformation.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Epidemiology of periodontal disease in dogs in the UK primary-care veterinary setting.The Journal of small animal practice · 2021Article
- The Need for Head Space: Brachycephaly and Cerebrospinal Fluid Disorders.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Facial changes related to brachycephaly in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with Chiari-like malformation associated pain and secondary syringomyelia.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2020Article
- Association among raised intraventricular pressure, clinical signs, and magnetic resonance imaging findings in dogs with congenital internal hydrocephalus.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
- Association of Extreme Brachycephaly With Persistent Fontanelles in Adult Chihuahuas.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRecent studies including an innovative machine learning technique indicated Chiari-like malformation (CM) is influenced by brachycephalic features.
objectivesMorphometric analysis of facial anatomy and dysmorphia in CM-associated pain (CM-P) and syringomyelia (SM) in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (CKCS). ANIMALS: Sixty-six client-owned CKCS.
methodsRetrospective study of anonymized T2W sagittal magnetic resonance imaging of 3 clinical groups: (1) 11 without central canal dilation (ccd) or SM (CM-N), (2) 15 with CM-P with no SM or <2 mm ccd (CM-P), and (3) 40 with syrinx width ≥4 mm (SM-S). Morphometric analysis assessed rostral skull flattening and position of the hard and soft palate relative to the cranial base in each clinical group and compared CKCS with and without SM-S.
resultsSixteen of 28 measured variables were associated to SM-S compared to CM-N and CM-P. Of these 6 were common to both groups. Predictive variables determined by discriminant analysis were (1) the ratio of cranial height with cranial length (P < .001 between SM-S and CM-N) and (2) the distance between the cerebrum and the frontal bone (P < .001 between SM-S and CM-P). CM-P had the lowest mean height of the maxillary area. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: CKCS with CM-P and SM-S have cranial brachycephaly with osseous insufficiency in the skull with rostral flattening and increased proximity of the hard and soft palate to the cranial base. Changes are greatest with CM-P. These findings have relevance for understanding disease pathogenesis and for selection of head conformation for breeding purposes.
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