ArticleCells2019
Regulatory T Cells Induce Metastasis by Increasing Tgf-β and Enhancing the Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition.
Article in Cells, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- A nomogram model based on the number of examined lymph nodes-related signature to predict prognosis and guide clinical therapy in gastric cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Review
- The dual balance of the cytokine network: key messengers of immune activation and triggers of cytokine storm.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Hallmarks of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in cancer.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Adult and pediatric cystic nephroma: an easily misdiagnosed renal tumor.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Identification, functional insights and therapeutic targeting of EMT tumour states.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Lactylation-mediated miRNA regulation in cancer therapy resistance.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Cancer Stem Cells Connecting to Immunotherapy: Key Insights, Challenges, and Potential Treatment Opportunities.Cancers · 2025Review
- SPRY1 regulates macrophage M1 polarization in skin aging and melanoma prognosis.Translational oncology · 2025Article
- Harnessing the tumor microenvironment: targeted cancer therapies through modulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- Crosstalk Between Extracellular Vesicles and Regulatory T Cells Across Cancers: From Interaction to Therapeutic Potential.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Circulating tumor cells: from new biological insights to clinical practice.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Mechanism insights and therapeutic intervention of tumor metastasis: latest developments and perspectives.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Evaluation of markers of immunity in different metastatic immune microenvironments suggests more suppression within breast to liver metastases in breast cancer.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Article
- Aspartame carcinogenic potential revealed through network toxicology and molecular docking insights.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Breast cancer stem cells generate immune-suppressive T regulatory cells by secreting TGFβ to evade immune-elimination.Discover oncology · 2023Article
- Liver metastasis from colorectal cancer: pathogenetic development, immune landscape of the tumour microenvironment and therapeutic approaches.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2023Review
- Article
- Cross-talk between cancer stem cells and immune cells: potential therapeutic targets in the tumor immune microenvironment.Molecular cancer · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer; a substantial percentage of patients present with distant metastases. However, the mechanism of metastasis is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that the administration of exogenous regulatory T cells (Tregs) into melanoma tumor-bearing mice results in a significant increase in lung metastasis. An increase in the invasive and metastatic phenotype of melanoma was mediated by cell-to-cell contact between melanoma cells and Tregs, which elevated the expression level of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and the subsequent induction of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT).B16-BL6 melanoma tumors co-cultured with Tregs showed a larger population of migrating cells compared to B16-BL6 tumors cultured without Tregs. Additionally, the injection of exogenous Tregs into B16-BL6 melanoma tumors led to the recruitment and infiltration of endogenous Tregs into tumor tissues, thus increasing the overall Treg percentage in the tumor infiltrating lymphocyte population. Collectively, our findings propose novel mechanisms in which exogenous Treg-dependent upregulation of TGF-β and mesenchymal markers is important for augmenting the migration capacity and invasiveness of melanoma, thereby contributing to the metastasis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.